Mabatire a lead-acid akhala mwala wapangodya muukadaulo wosungira mphamvu kuyambira pomwe adapangidwa chapakati pa zaka za zana la 19. Magwero amphamvu odalirika ameneŵa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofala m’ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kumvetsetsa momwe mabatire a lead-acid amagwirira ntchito ndikofunikira kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito yawo ndikutalikitsa moyo wawo.
Batire la lead-acid lili ndi zigawo zingapo zofunika zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kusunga ndikutulutsa mphamvu zamagetsi moyenera. Zinthu zoyamba zikuphatikizapo:
Mimbale: Yopangidwa kuchokera ku lead dioxide (ma mbale abwino) ndi siponji lead (ma mbale opanda pake), izi zimamizidwa mu njira ya electrolyte.
Electrolyte: Chisakanizo cha sulfuric acid ndi madzi, chomwe chimathandizira kusintha kwamankhwala komwe kumafunikira pakusunga mphamvu.
Olekanitsa: Zida zotchingira zopyapyala zimayikidwa pakati pa mbale zabwino ndi zoyipa kuti ziteteze kufupikitsa ndikuloleza kuyenda kwa ionic.
Chidebe: Chotengera cholimba chomwe chimakhala ndi zida zonse zamkati, zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki yolimba kapena labala.
Ma terminal: Batire ili ndi ma terminals awiri: zabwino ndi zoyipa. Malo otsekedwa amathandizira kuti pakhale kutulutsa kwatsopano komanso moyo wautali wautumiki.
Kugwira ntchito kwa batire ya acid-lead kumayang'ana pakusintha kwamankhwala pakati pa zinthu zomwe zimagwira pama mbale ndi njira ya electrolyte.
Pakutulutsa, njira zotsatirazi zimachitika:
Asidi wa sulfuric mu electrolyte amakhudzidwa ndi mbale zonse zabwino (lead dioxide) ndi negative (siponji lead). Izi zimapanga lead sulfate pa mbale zonse ziwiri ndikutulutsa ma elekitironi kudzera m'dera lakunja, ndikupanga magetsi. Pamene ma electron amayenda kuchokera ku mbale yoyipa kupita ku mbale yabwino kudzera pa katundu wakunja, mphamvu zimaperekedwa ku zipangizo zolumikizidwa.
Pakulipira, njirayi imasinthidwa:
Gwero lamphamvu lakunja limagwiritsa ntchito ma voltage pa ma terminals a batri. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imayendetsa ma elekitironi kubwerera m'mbale yolakwika kwinaku akutembenuza lead sulfate kubwerera m'mawonekedwe ake oyamba - lead dioxide pa mbale zabwino ndi chinkhupule cha siponji pa mbale zoipa. Kuchuluka kwa sulfuric acid kumawonjezeka pamene mamolekyu amadzi amagawanika panthawi ya electrolysis.
Kuzungulira kumeneku kumapangitsa mabatire a lead-acid kuti azilipitsidwanso kangapo popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu akasungidwa bwino.
Njira Zoyenera Kulipirira
Njira zolipiritsa zogwira mtima ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mabatire a acid-acid azigwira bwino ntchito:
Constant Voltage Charging: Njira iyi imalola kulipiritsa komwe magetsi amasungidwa pamtengo wokhazikika. Ubwino wake ndiwakuti kuyitanitsa komwe kumasinthidwa kumangosinthidwa pomwe kuchuluka kwa batire kumasintha.
Kulipiritsa kwa magawo atatu: Kuphatikizira kuchuluka kwachulukidwe (nthawi zonse), mayamwidwe amagetsi (voltage nthawi zonse), ndi float charge (machitidwe osamalira), njira iyi imawonetsetsa kuyitanitsa popanda kupsinjika kwambiri pazigawo za batri.
Kuyang'anira kutentha panthawi yolipiritsa ndikofunikira; kutentha kwambiri kumatha kufulumizitsa njira zowononga monga gassing kapena kuthawa kwamafuta.
Njira Zothandizira Zotulutsa
Mayendedwe otulutsa amayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti apewe kutulutsa kwakuya komwe kungawononge thanzi la batri:
Pewani kutulutsa kupitirira 50% kuya-kutulutsa ngati kuli kotheka; kutulutsa kozama pafupipafupi kumafupikitsa moyo wonse.
Mabatire a lead-acid ndi ofunikira pakusungirako mphamvu kodalirika pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana. Pomvetsetsa kapangidwe kawo ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito ndikutalikitsa moyo wawo. Kulipiritsa koyenera ndi kuyang'anira kutulutsidwa ndikofunikira. Kukhazikitsa DFUN Battery Monitoring Systems (BMS) imatsimikizira mabatire a lead-acid kukhalabe gawo lofunikira pakusungirako mphamvu. Dongosololi limayang'anira kuchuluka kwa ma cell amtundu uliwonse, ndikuwongolera / kutulutsa mafunde mumasinthidwe am'maselo angapo, ndikuphatikizanso kutsegulira kwa batri ndi mawonekedwe a batri kuti apititse patsogolo kuwongolera ndi kukonza.
