Lead-asidhi mabhatiri anga ari ibwe repakona musimba rekuchengetedza tekinoroji kubva pakugadzirwa kwavo pakati pezana ramakore re19. Aya manyuko emagetsi akavimbika anoshandiswa zvakafara mumabasa akasiyana-siyana. Kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita mabhatiri e-lead-asidhi kwakakosha pakugadzirisa mashandiro avo uye nekuwedzera hupenyu hwavo.
Bhatiri re-lead-acid rine zvikamu zvakati zvakakosha zvinoshanda pamwechete kuchengetedza uye kuburitsa simba remagetsi nemazvo. Zvinhu zvekutanga zvinosanganisira:
Plates: Akagadzirwa kubva ku lead dioxide (positive plates) uye sponge lead (negative plates), aya anonyudzwa mumushonga we electrolyte.
Electrolyte: Musanganiswa we sulfuric acid nemvura, iyo inofambisa maitiro emakemikari anodiwa kuchengetedza simba.
Separators: Mutete insulating zvinhu zvinoiswa pakati peakanaka uye asina kunaka mahwendefa kudzivirira pfupi-inotenderera uchibvumira ionic kufamba.
Container: Casing yakasimba inogara zvese zvemukati, zvinowanzo gadzirwa kubva mudura repurasitiki kana rabha.
Zviteshi: Bhatiri rine materminal maviri: akanaka uye asina kunaka. Matemisheni akavharwa anobatsira pakuburitswa kwazvino uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa.
Kushanda kwebhatiri relead-acid kunotenderedza kudzoreredzwa kwemakemikari maitikiro pakati pezvinhu zvinoshanda zviri pamaplate uye mhinduro ye electrolyte.
Panguva yekubuda, nzira inotevera inoitika:
Iyo sulfuric acid iri mu electrolyte inopindirana nezvose zvakanaka (lead dioxide) uye negative (sponge lead) mahwendefa. Kuita uku kunoburitsa lead sulfate pamahwendefa ese uku ichiburitsa maerekitironi kuburikidza nedunhu rekunze, ichigadzira magetsi. Sezvo maerekitironi achiyerera kubva mundiro yakaipa kuenda kune yakanaka ndiro kuburikidza nemutoro wekunze, simba rinopihwa kumidziyo yakabatana.
Panguva yekuchaja, iyi nzira inodzoserwa shure:
Simba rekunze rinoshandisa voltage pamabhatiri. Magetsi anoiswa anodzosa maerekitironi mundiro isina kunaka uku achishandura lead sulfate idzokere muchimiro chayo chepakutanga-lead dioxide pamapureti akanaka uye mutobvu wesiponji pamahwendefa asina kunaka. Sulfuric acid concentrations inowedzera sezvo mamorekuru emvura anotsemuka panguva ye electrolysis.
Iyi cyclical nature inobvumira mabhatiri e-lead-asidhi kuti adzorerwe kakawanda pasina kuderera kwakanyanya kana akachengetedzwa zvakanaka.
Maitiro Akakodzera ekuchaja
Maitiro ekuchaja anobudirira akakosha kuti uchengetedze kushanda kwakakwana mumabhatiri e-lead-acid:
Constant Voltage Kuchaja: Iyi nzira inobvumira kuchaja uko voltage inochengetwa pamutengo unogara uripo. Zvakanakira ndezvekuti yekuchaja ikozvino inogadziriswa otomatiki sechaji mamiriro ebhatiri anochinja.
Matanho matatu Kuchaja: Inosanganisira kuwanda kuchaja (inogara iripo), yekuchaja (inogara voltage), uye float charge (maitirwo ekugadzirisa), nzira iyi inovimbisa kunyatsochaja pasina kushushikana zvakanyanya pazvikamu zvebhatiri.
Kutarisa tembiricha panguva yekuchaja kwakakosha; tembiricha yepamusoro inogona kukurumidza kuita zvinokuvadza senge gassing kana thermal runaway.
Dzinoshanda Kuburitsa Nzira
Dicharge cycles dzinofanirwa kutarisirwa nekuchenjerera kudzivirira kubuda kwakadzika kunogona kukuvadza hutano hwebhatiri:
Dzivisa kuburitsa kupfuura 50% kudzika-kwe-kuburitsa pese pazvinogoneka; zvinogara zvichibuda zvakadzama zvinopfupisa hupenyu hwese zvakanyanya.
Lead-asidhi mabhatiri akakosha pakuchengetedza simba rakavimbika mumashandisirwo akasiyana siyana. Nekunzwisisa chimiro chavo uye misimboti yekushanda, vashandisi vanogona kukwidziridza mashandiro uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo. Kuchaja kwakaringana uye kuburitswa kwekutarisa kwakakosha. Implementing DFUN Battery Monitoring Systems (BMS) inoita kuti mabhatiri e-lead-acid arambe ari chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirisa simba rekuchengetedza. Iyo sisitimu inotarisisa masero ega ega, uye kuchaja / kuburitsa mafungu mune akawanda-sero masisitimu, uye inosanganisira bhatiri activation uye bhatiri kuenzanisa maficha kuti uwedzere kutonga nekugadzirisa.
