Ngabe isebenza kanjani ibhethri le-lead-acid?

Amabhethri e-lead-acid abe yitshe legumbi kubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla selokhu kwasungulwa maphakathi nekhulu le-19. Le mithombo kagesi ethembekile isetshenziswa kabanzi kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene. Ukuqonda ukuthi umsebenzi we-lead-acid usebenza kanjani ekwakheni ukusebenza kwawo futhi unwebe isikhathi sabo sokuphila.

Isakhiwo sebhethri se-lead-acid

Ibhethri le-lead-acid liqukethe izakhi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezisebenza ndawonye ukugcina nokukhipha amandla kagesi kahle. Izinto eziyinhloko zifaka:

• Amapuleti: Kwenziwe kusuka ku-Dioxide eholile (amapuleti amahle) kanye nokuhola kwesiponji (amapuleti amabi), lezi zigxile kwikhambi le-electrolyte.

• I-electrolyte: ingxube ye-sulfuric acid namanzi, okusiza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okudingekayo ekugcinweni kwamandla.

• Abahlukanisi: Izinto zokwakha ezithambile ezifakwanga zibekwe phakathi kwamapuleti amahle futhi angezinhle ukuvimbela ukujikeleza okufushane ngenkathi evumela ukunyakaza kwe-ionic.

• Isitsha: I-robust casing enezindlu zonke zangaphakathi, zenziwa ngokuvamile kusuka ngopulasitiki noma enjoloba.

• Ama-terminals: Ibhethri linama-terminals amabili: amahle futhi abi. Izikhungo ezivaliwe zifaka isandla ekukhiphekeni okuphezulu kwamanje kanye nempilo yenkonzo ende.

Imigomo Yokusebenza Kwebhethri Ye-Lead-Acid

Ukusebenza kwebhethri le-lead-acid kuhlanganisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuguqukayo phakathi kwezinto ezisebenzayo kumapuleti kanye nekhambi le-electrolyte.

Ngesikhathi sokukhululwa, le nqubo elandelayo yenzeka:

I-sulfuric acid ku-electrolyte iphendula nge-positive (Mov Dioxide) kanye ne-negative (Sponge Holy) amapuleti. Lokhu kuphendula kuveza i-sulfate eholayo kuwo womabili amapuleti ngenkathi kukhulula ama-elektroni ngokusebenzisa umjikelezo wangaphandle, kwakha ugesi wamanje. Njengoba ama-elektroni aphuma epuletini elibi epuletini elihle ngomthwalo wangaphandle, amandla anikezwa amadivaysi axhunyiwe.

Ngesikhathi sokushaja, le nqubo ibuyiselwa emuva:

Umthombo wamandla wangaphandle ufaka i-voltage kuma-terminals ebhethri. Ama-voltage asetshenzisiwe akhipha ama-elektroni abuyela epuletini elingesihle ngenkathi uguqula i-Holfate Sulfate ibuyela emuva kumafomu ayo okuqala-ukuhola i-dioxide kumapuleti amabi kanye nesiponji kuholele kumapuleti amabi. Ukugxila kwe-Sulfuric acid kukhula njengoba ama-molecule amanzi ahlukaniswe ngesikhathi se-electrolysis.

Le mvelo ye-cyclical ivumela amabhethri e-lead-acid ukuthi ahlelwe kabusha kaningi ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu lapho elondolozwa kahle.

Ukushaja kanye nokukhipha izindlela

Amasu amahle okushaja

Imikhuba yokushaja ephumelelayo ibalulekile ukuze ilondoloze ukusebenza kahle kumabhethri e-lead-acid:

• Ukushaja kweVoltant Constant: Le ndlela ivumela ukushaja lapho i-voltage igcinwa khona ngenani eliqhubekayo. Inzuzo ukuthi ishaja yamanje iyalungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo njengoba isimo sebhethri soshintsho lwebhethri.

• Ukushaja okuneziteji ezintathu: okubandakanya ukushaja ngobuningi (okuhlala njalo), imali ekhokhwayo (i-vollage njalo), kanye nokushaja okuntantayo (imodi yesondlo), le ndlela yokuthwebula), le ndlela yokulungisa iqinisekisa ukuthuthuka okuphelele ngaphandle kwezinto zebhethri.

  
  

Ukushisa kokuqapha ngesikhathi sokushaja kubalulekile; Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angasheshisa izinqubo ezilimazayo njenge-gassing noma i-traway eshisayo.

Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokukhipha amandla

Imijikelezo yokukhipha kufanele ilawulwe ngokucophelela ukugwema ukukhishwa okujulile okungalimaza impilo yebhethri:

Gwema ukuhlukana ngaphezu kwama-50% okujula lapho kungenzeka khona; Ukukhishwa okujulile okujulile kufinyeza isikhathi sempilo yonke.

Ukugcina

Amabhethri e-lead-acid abalulekile ukugcinwa kwamandla okuthembekile ezisetshenzisweni ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuqonda ukwakheka kwabo kanye nemigomo esebenzayo, abasebenzisi bangathuthukisa ukusebenza futhi bandise impilo yabo yonke. Ukushaja okufanele nokuqapha okufanelekile kubalulekile. Ukukhiya I-DFUN yokuhlola ibhethri (i-BMS) iqinisekisa amabhethri e-lead-acid ahlala eyingxenye ebalulekile yezixazululo zokugcina amandla. Uhlelo luqapha ama-voltages ngamanye amaseli, kanye nama-currents / wehla ama-currents ekucushweni kwamaseli amaningi, futhi kufaka phakathi ukusebenza kwebhethri kanye nezici zokulinganisa zebhethri ukuthuthukisa ukulawulwa nokulungiswa.