Batere a wɔde kɔbere ayɛ ayɛ tweatibo wɔ mfiridwuma a wɔde sie ahoɔden mu fi bere a wɔyɛɛ no wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mfinimfini no. Wɔde saa tumi fibea ahorow a wotumi de ho to so yi di dwuma kɛse wɔ nneɛma ahorow mu. Sɛnea lead-acid batere yɛ adwuma no ntease ho hia na ama wɔatumi ayɛ adwuma yiye na wɔatrɛw wɔn nkwa nna mu.
Batere a wɔde kɔbere ayɛ no yɛ nneɛma atitiriw pii a ɛbom yɛ adwuma de sie anyinam ahoɔden ahoɔden na wɔayi afi mu yiye. Nneɛma atitiriw a ɛwom no bi ne:
Mprɛte: Wɔde kɔbere dioxide (mprɛte a ɛyɛ papa) ne sponge kɔbere (mprɛte a enye) na ɛyɛ, na wɔde eyinom hyɛ electrolyte aduru mu.
Electrolyte: Sulphuric acid ne nsu a wɔde afra, a ɛma nnuru a ɛho hia na wɔde akora ahoɔden so no yɛ mmerɛw.
Nneɛma a ɛpaapae nneɛma mu: Wɔde nneɛma a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛmma mframa nkɔ mu no si mprɛte a ɛyɛ papa ne nea enye no ntam sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛrentwa tiaa bere a wɔma ionic kwan ma ɛkɔ baabiara no.
Ahina: Ade a ɛyɛ den a wɔde nneɛma a ɛwɔ mu nyinaa gu mu, a mpɛn pii no wɔde plastic anaa rɔba a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ.
Terminals: Battery no wɔ terminals abien: positive ne negative. Terminals a wɔatoto mu no boa ma mprempren nsu a ɛkɔ soro kɛse na ɛtra hɔ kyɛ.
Batere a kɔbere ne asikre yɛ adwuma di akɔneaba wɔ nnuru a wotumi dannan mu wɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛwɔ mprɛte no so ne electrolyte aduru no ntam.
Bere a wɔretu no, adeyɛ a edidi so yi ba:
Sulphuric acid a ɛwɔ electrolyte no mu no ne mprɛte a ɛyɛ papa (lead dioxide) ne nea enye (sponge lead) nyinaa yɛ adwuma. Saa adeyɛ yi ma lead sulfate ba mprɛte abien no nyinaa so bere a ɛde ɛlɛtrɔnik ahorow fa abɔnten so kwan bi so gyae, na ɛma anyinam ahoɔden ba. Bere a ɛlɛtrɔnik ahorow nam abɔnten adesoa bi so fi mprɛte a enye no so kɔ mprɛte a ɛyɛ papa no so no, wɔde ahoɔden kɔ mfiri a ɛka bom no mu.
Bere a wɔrebɔ charge no, wɔdan saa adeyɛ yi:
Abɔnten so ahoɔden fibea bi de ahoɔden di dwuma wɔ batere no nhama no so. Voltage a wɔde di dwuma no ma ɛlɛtrɔnik san kɔ mprɛte a ɛnyɛ papa no mu bere a ɛdannan kɔbere sulfate san kɔ ne mfitiase tebea no mu—kɔbere dioxide a ɛwɔ mprɛte a ɛyɛ papa so ne sponge kɔbere a ɛwɔ mprɛte a enye so. Sulphuric acid dodow kɔ soro bere a nsu mu nneɛma nketenkete mu paapae bere a wɔde anyinam ahoɔden reyɛ adwuma no.
Saa su a ɛyɛ kyinhyia yi ma wotumi san de lead-acid batere ahorow no hyɛ mu mpɛn pii a sɛ wɔahwɛ so yiye a, ɛnsɛe kɛse.
Nneɛma a Ɛfata a Wɔde Bɔ Charging
Nneyɛe a etu mpɔn a wɔde bɔ batere ho hia na ama wɔakura adwumayɛ a eye sen biara mu wɔ batere a wɔde kɔbere ayɛ mu:
Constant Voltage Charging: Saa kwan yi ma kwan ma wɔbɔ charge wɔ baabi a wɔma voltage no kɔ so yɛ constant value. Mfaso a ɛwɔ so ne sɛ, wɔsakra charge current no ankasa bere a battery no charge tebea sesa no.
Charging a ɛwɔ afã abiɛsa: Nea ɛka ho ne bulk charge (constant charge), absorption charge (constant voltage), ne float charge (maintenance mode), saa kwan yi hwɛ hu sɛ wɔbɛsan de charge no yiye a nhyɛso kɛse biara nni battery no afã horow so.
Ɔhyew a wobɛhwɛ so bere a wɔrebɔ charge no ho hia; ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro betumi ama nneɛma a ɛsɛe ade te sɛ mframa a wɔde gu anaasɛ ɔhyew a guan no ayɛ ntɛmntɛm.
Akwan a Etu mpɔn a Wɔfa so Yi Nsu Gu Mu
Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ batere no kyinhyia so yiye na wɔakwati nsu a ɛkɔ mu a emu dɔ a ebetumi apira batere akwahosan:
Kwati sɛ wobɛtow nsu a ɛboro 50% depth-of-discharge bere biara a ɛbɛyɛ yiye; nsu a ɛtaa gu mu kɔ akyiri no ma nkwa nna nyinaa yɛ tiaa kɛse.
Batere a wɔde kɔbere ayɛ no ho hia na ama wɔatumi akora ahoɔden a wotumi de ho to so wɔ nneɛma ahorow mu. Ɛdenam wɔn nhyehyɛe ne adwumayɛ nnyinasosɛm ahorow a wɔbɛte ase so no, wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no betumi ama adwumayɛ ayɛ yiye na wɔatrɛw wɔn nkwa nna mu. Charging ne discharge a wɔbɛhwɛ so yiye ho hia yiye. Wɔde di dwuma DFUN Battery Monitoring Systems (BMS) hwɛ hu sɛ lead-acid battery da so ara yɛ ade titiriw wɔ ahoɔden a wɔkora so ano aduru mu. Nhyehyɛe no hwɛ ankorankoro cell voltages, ne charge/discharge currents wɔ multi-cell configurations mu, na ɛka battery activation ne battery kari pɛ nneɛma a ɛbɛma control ne maintenance ayɛ yie.
