Muukadaulo wamakono wa batri, nthawi zambiri timakumana ndi mawu oti 'kusala kwa batri.' Koma amatanthauza chiyani? Choyambitsa chagona pakupanga ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabatire, zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyana pakati pa ma cell omwe ali mkati mwa batire paketi. Kusiyanaku kumakhudzidwanso ndi malo omwe mabatire amagwirira ntchito, monga kutentha ndi chinyezi. Zosiyanasiyana izi zimawonekera ngati kusiyana kwamagetsi a batri. Kuphatikiza apo, mabatire mwachilengedwe amakumana ndi kudziyimitsa okha chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito kuchokera ku maelekitirodi ndi kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa mbale. Mitengo yodzitulutsa yokha imatha kusiyana pakati pa mabatire chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa njira zopangira.
Tiyeni tifotokozere izi ndi chitsanzo: Tiyerekeze kuti mu batire paketi, selo imodzi ili ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri (SOC) kuposa enawo. Panthawi yolipiritsa, seloli limayamba kudzaza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma cell ena omwe sanaperekedwe mokwanira kuti asiye kulipiritsa nthawi yake isanakwane. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati selo imodzi ili ndi SOC yotsika, imafika voteji yake yoyamba pamene imatulutsa, kulepheretsa maselo ena kumasula mphamvu zawo zosungidwa.
Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kusiyana pakati pa maselo a batri sikungathe kunyalanyazidwa. Kutengera kumvetsetsa uku, kufunikira kolinganiza kwa batri kumachitika. Ukatswiri wowerengera batri umafuna kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa kusiyana kwa ma cell pawokha kudzera muukadaulo kuti akwaniritse bwino momwe batire paketi imagwirira ntchito ndikutalikitsa moyo wake. Sikuti kulinganiza kwa batire kumangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito a batire, komanso kumakulitsa moyo wautumiki wa batri. Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa tanthauzo ndi kufunikira kwa kulinganiza kwa batri ndikofunikira pakuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Tanthauzo: Kulinganiza kwa batri kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito njira ndi njira zinazake zowonetsetsa kuti selo lililonse la batire limakhalabe ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, mphamvu, ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Ndondomekoyi ikufuna kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a batri ndikukulitsa moyo wake kudzera muukadaulo.
Chofunika: Choyamba, kusanja kwa batire kumatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a batire yonse. Mwa kulinganiza, kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma cell amatha kupewedwa. Kachiwiri, kusanja kumathandizira kukulitsa moyo wa batri pochepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pa ma cell ndikuchepetsa kukana kwamkati, komwe kumatalikitsa moyo wa batri. Pomaliza, poyang'ana chitetezo, kugwiritsa ntchito kulinganiza kwa batri kungalepheretse kuchulukitsidwa kapena kutulutsa kwambiri ma cell amtundu uliwonse, kuchepetsa ziwopsezo zomwe zingachitike pachitetezo monga kuthawa kwamafuta.
Mapangidwe a Battery: Pofuna kuthana ndi kusagwirizana kwa magwiridwe antchito pakati pa ma cell amodzi, opanga ma batire akuluakulu mosalekeza amangopanga zatsopano komanso kukhathamiritsa m'malo monga kapangidwe ka batri, kuphatikiza, kusankha zinthu, kuwongolera njira zopangira, ndi kukonza. Zoyesererazi zikuphatikiza kukonza kamangidwe ka ma cell, kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe ka mapaketi, kukulitsa kuwongolera kachitidwe, kusankha mosamalitsa zopangira, kulimbikitsa kuyang'anira kachulukidwe, ndikuwongolera malo osungira.
BMS (Battery Monitoring System) Ntchito Yolinganiza: Posintha kugawa mphamvu pakati pa maselo amodzi, BMS imachepetsa kusagwirizana ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito komanso moyo wa batri. Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zokwaniritsira kulinganiza mu BMS: kusanja mokhazikika komanso kuchita bwino.
Passive balancing, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mphamvu ya dissipation balancing, imagwira ntchito potulutsa mphamvu zochulukirapo kuchokera ku ma cell okhala ndi ma voliyumu apamwamba kapena mphamvu ngati kutentha, motero kuchepetsa mphamvu yake yofananira ndi ma cell ena. Izi makamaka zimadalira ma resistor ofanana omwe amalumikizidwa ndi ma cell kuti achepetse mphamvu zochulukirapo.
Selo likakhala ndi chiwongolero chachikulu kuposa ena, mphamvu yochulukirapo imatayidwa kudzera mu chopinga chofananira, ndikukwaniritsa bwino ndi ma cell ena. Chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake komanso mtengo wake wotsika, kusanja kwapang'onopang'ono kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina osiyanasiyana a batri. Komabe, ili ndi vuto la kutaya mphamvu kwakukulu, popeza mphamvuyo imatayidwa ngati kutentha m'malo mogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amachepetsa kusanja kwapano mpaka kutsika (mozungulira 100mA). Kuti dongosololi likhale losavuta, ndondomeko yogwirizanitsa imagawana chingwe chofananira ndi njira yosonkhanitsa, ndipo ziwirizi zimagwira ntchito mosinthana. Ngakhale kuti kamangidwe kameneka kamachepetsa zovuta zamakina ndi mtengo wake, zimabweretsanso kuchepa kwa kulinganiza bwino komanso nthawi yayitali kuti mupeze zotsatira zowoneka bwino. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya kusanja kwapang'onopang'ono: ma shunt resistors okhazikika ndi ma switched shunt resistors. Yoyamba imagwirizanitsa shunt yokhazikika kuti iteteze kuchulukirachulukira, pamene yotsirizirayo imayendetsa bwino kusintha kuti iwononge mphamvu zambiri.
Kulinganiza mogwira mtima, kumbali ina, ndi njira yabwino yoyendetsera mphamvu. M'malo motaya mphamvu zochulukirapo, imasamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku maselo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zapamwamba kupita kwa omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa pogwiritsa ntchito mabwalo opangidwa mwapadera omwe amaphatikizapo zinthu monga inductors, capacitor, ndi ma transformer. Izi sizingowonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma cell komanso zimawonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu.
Mwachitsanzo, panthawi yolipiritsa, selo likafika malire ake apamwamba, BMS imatsegula makina ogwiritsira ntchito. Imazindikiritsa ma cell omwe ali ndi mphamvu yocheperako ndikusamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku cell-voltage kupita ku ma cell otsika kwambiri kudzera pagawo lolinganiza bwino lomwe. Njirayi ndi yolondola komanso yothandiza, imathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a batri.
Kuwongolera kokhazikika komanso kogwira ntchito kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonjezera mphamvu ya batire, kukulitsa moyo wake, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito onse.
Poyerekeza matekinoloje okhazikika komanso okhazikika, zimawonekeratu kuti amasiyana kwambiri mumalingaliro awo amapangidwe ndi kachitidwe. Kuyang'ana mwachangu kumaphatikizapo ma aligorivimu ovuta kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe mungasamutsire, pomwe kusamutsa kwapang'onopang'ono kumadalira kwambiri kuwongolera nthawi yosinthira kuti muwononge mphamvu zochulukirapo.
Pa nthawi yonse yolondolera, dongosololi limayang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse kusintha kwa magawo a selo lililonse kuti atsimikizire kuti ntchito zogwirizanitsa sizigwira ntchito komanso zotetezeka. Kamodzi kusiyana pakati pa maselo kugwera m'kati mwazovomerezeka zovomerezeka, dongosololi lidzathetsa ntchito yolinganiza.
Mwa kusankha mosamala njira yoyenera yolumikizirana, kuwongolera mosamalitsa liwiro lofananira ndi digirii, ndikuwongolera bwino kutentha komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yofananira, magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wa batire paketi zitha kusintha kwambiri.
