Omuwandiisi: Omuwandiisi w'omukutu Publish Time: 2024-10-25 Origin: Ekibanja
Mu tekinologiya wa bbaatule ow'omulembe, tutera okusisinkana ekigambo 'battery balancing.' Naye kitegeeza ki? Ekikolo kibeera mu nkola y’okukola n’ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bbaatule, ekivaako enjawulo wakati w’obutoffaali ssekinnoomu munda mu bbaatule. Enjawulo zino era zikwatibwako obutonde bbaatule mwe zikolera, gamba ng’ebbugumu n’obunnyogovu. Enkyukakyuka zino zitera okweyoleka ng’enjawulo mu vvulovumenti ya bbaatule. Okugatta ku ekyo, bbaatule mu butonde zifuna okwefulumya olw’okukutuka kw’ebintu ebikola okuva mu bisannyalazo n’enjawulo ya potential wakati w’ebipande. Emiwendo gy’okwefulumya giyinza okwawukana mu bbaatule olw’enjawulo mu nkola z’okukola.
Ka tulage kino n’ekyokulabirako: Ka tugambe nti mu bbaatule, akatoffaali kamu kalina embeera ya chajingi (SOC) esinga ku ndala. Mu nkola y’okucaajinga, akatoffaali kano kajja kusooka kutuuka ku chajingi mu bujjuvu, ekivaako obutoffaali obusigadde obutannaba kucaajinga kulekera awo okucaajinga nga tebunnatuuka. Okwawukana ku ekyo, singa obutoffaali obumu buba ne SOC eya wansi, bujja kutuuka ku vvulovumenti yaakyo esala okufuluma mu kiseera ky’okufulumya, nga buziyiza obutoffaali obulala okufulumya mu bujjuvu amaanyi gaabwe agaterekeddwa.
Kino kiraga nti enjawulo wakati w’obutoffaali bwa bbaatule teziyinza kubuusibwa maaso. Okusinziira ku kutegeera kuno, obwetaavu bw’okutebenkeza bbaatule bujja. Tekinologiya w’okutebenkeza bbaatule agenderera okukendeeza oba okumalawo enjawulo wakati w’obutoffaali obw’omuntu kinnoomu okuyita mu kuyingirira eby’ekikugu okusobola okulongoosa omulimu gwa bbaatule okutwalira awamu n’okwongera ku bulamu bwayo. Okubala bbaatule tekikoma ku kulongoosa bulungibwansi bwa bbaatule okutwalira awamu, naye era kyongera nnyo ku bulamu bwa bbaatule. N’olwekyo, okutegeera omusingi n’obukulu bw’okugerageranya bbaatule kikulu nnyo okutumbula enkozesa y’amasoboza.
Ennyonyola: Okugerageranya bbaatule kitegeeza okukozesa obukodyo n’enkola ezenjawulo okukakasa nti buli katoffaali ssekinnoomu mu bbaatule kakuuma vvulovumenti, obusobozi, n’embeera y’okukola ekwatagana. Enkola eno egendereddwamu okulongoosa omulimu gwa bbaatule n’okutumbula obulamu bwayo okuyita mu kuyingirira eby’ekikugu.
Obukulu: Ekisooka, okutebenkeza bbaatule kiyinza okulongoosa ennyo omulimu gwa bbaatule yonna. Mu kugeraageranya, okuvunda kw’emirimu okuva ku kwonooneka kw’obutoffaali obw’omuntu kinnoomu kuyinza okwewalibwa. Ekirala, okutebenkeza kiyamba okwongera ku bulamu bwa bbaatule nga kikendeeza ku njawulo ya vvulovumenti n’obusobozi wakati w’obutoffaali n’okukendeeza ku buziyiza obw’omunda, ekiwangaala obulungi obulamu bwa bbaatule. Ekisembayo, okusinziira ku ndowooza y’obukuumi, okussa mu nkola ensengekera ya bbaatule kiyinza okuziyiza okusasuza okusukkiridde oba okusuula obutoffaali obw’omuntu ku bubwe, okukendeeza ku bulabe obuyinza okubaawo mu by’okwerinda ng’okudduka okw’ebbugumu.
Design ya Battery: Okukola ku mirimu egitakwatagana wakati w’obutoffaali ssekinnoomu, abakola bbaatule abakulu bayiiya obutasalako n’okulongoosa mu bintu nga dizayini ya bbaatule, okukuŋŋaanya, okulonda ebintu, okufuga enkola y’okufulumya, n’okuddaabiriza. Kaweefube ono mulimu okulongoosa enteekateeka y’obutoffaali, okulongoosa enteekateeka y’ekibinja, okutumbula okufuga enkola, okulonda ennyo ebikozesebwa ebisookerwako, okunyweza okulondoola okufulumya, n’okulongoosa embeera y’okutereka.
BMS (Battery Monitoring System) Balancing Function: Nga etereeza ensaasaanya y’amasoboza wakati w’obutoffaali ssekinnoomu, BMS ekendeeza ku butakwatagana era n’eyongera ku busobozi obusobola okukozesebwa n’obulamu bwa bbaatule pack. Waliwo enkola bbiri enkulu okutuuka ku balancing mu BMS: passive balancing ne active balancing.
Passive balancing, era emanyiddwa nga energy dissipation balancing, ekola nga efulumya amaanyi agasukkiridde okuva mu butoffaali obulina voltage oba obusobozi obusingako mu ngeri y’ebbugumu, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku vvulovumenti yaabwe n’obusobozi okukwatagana n’obutoffaali obulala. Enkola eno okusinga yeesigamye ku resistors parallel eziyungiddwa ku butoffaali obw’omuntu kinnoomu okusobola shunt amaanyi agasukkiridde.
Akatoffaali bwe kaba n’omusannyalazo ogw’amaanyi okusinga ebirala, amasoboza agasukkiridde gasaasaanyizibwa okuyita mu resistors eya parallel, okutuuka ku bbalansi n’obutoffaali obulala. Olw’obwangu bwayo n’omuwendo omutono, passive balancing ekozesebwa nnyo mu nkola za bbaatule ez’enjawulo. Naye, erina ekizibu ky’okufiirwa kw’amasoboza okw’amaanyi, ng’amasoboza gasaasaanyizibwa ng’ebbugumu okusinga okukozesebwa obulungi. Bayinginiya batera okussa ekkomo ku kasannyalazo akageraageranya ku ddaala erya wansi (around 100mA). Okusobola okwanguyiza ensengeka, enkola y’okutebenkeza waya ze zimu n’enkola y’okukung’aanya, era zombi zikola nga zikyukakyuka. Wadde nga dizayini eno ekendeeza ku buzibu bw’enkola n’omuwendo, era kivaamu okukendeera kw’obulungi bw’okutebenkeza n’okumala ekiseera ekiwanvu okutuuka ku bivaamu ebirabika. Waliwo ebika bibiri ebikulu ebya passive balancing: fixed shunt resistors ne switched shunt resistors. Eky’olubereberye kiyunga shunt etali nnywevu okuziyiza okucaajinga ennyo, ate eky’okubiri kifuga ddala okukyusa okusaasaanya amaanyi agasukkiridde.
Active balancing, ku ludda olulala, nkola ya kuddukanya masannyalaze esinga okukola obulungi. Mu kifo ky’okusaasaanya amaanyi agasukkiridde, ekyusa amaanyi okuva mu butoffaali obulina obusobozi obw’amaanyi eri abo abalina obusobozi obutono nga bakozesa circuit ezikoleddwa mu ngeri ey’enjawulo nga zirimu ebitundu nga inductors, capacitors, ne transformers. Kino tekikoma ku kugeraageranya vvulovumenti wakati w’obutoffaali wabula era kyongera ku muwendo gw’okukozesa amaanyi okutwalira awamu.
Okugeza, mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga, akatoffaali bwe katuuka ku kkomo lyakyo erya waggulu, BMS ekola enkola y’okutebenkeza okukola. Kizuula obutoffaali obulina obusobozi obutono ennyo era ne kikyusa amaanyi okuva mu katoffaali akalina vvulovumenti enkulu okutuuka ku butoffaali buno obwa vvulovumenti entono okuyita mu nkulungo ya balansi eyakolebwa obulungi. Enkola eno ntuufu era nnungi, okutumbula ennyo omulimu gwa bbaatule.
Bombi passive ne active balancing bakola emirimu emikulu mu kwongera ku busobozi obusobola okukozesebwa battery pack, okwongera ku bulamu bwayo, n’okulongoosa enkola y’enkola okutwaliza awamu.
Bwe tugeraageranya tekinologiya ow’okutebenkeza (passive and active balancing technologies), kyeyoleka bulungi nti baawukana nnyo mu ndowooza yaabwe ey’okukola dizayini n’okutuukiriza. Active balancing kitera okuzingiramu complex algorithms okubala omuwendo omutuufu ogw’amasoboza okutambuza, ate nga passive balancing yeesigamye nnyo ku kufuga obulungi ekiseera ky’emirimu gy’okukyusakyusa okusaasaanya amaanyi agasukkiridde.
Mu nkola yonna ey’okutebenkeza, enkola eno erondoola buli kiseera enkyukakyuka mu bipimo bya buli katoffaali okukakasa nti emirimu gy’okutebenkeza tegikoma ku kukola kyokka wabula n’obukuumi. Enjawulo wakati w’obutoffaali bwe zimala okugwa mu bbanga erikkirizibwa eryategekebwa, enkola ejja kumalawo enkola y’okutebenkeza.
Nga olondawo n’obwegendereza enkola entuufu ey’okutebenkeza, okufuga ennyo sipiidi y’okutebenkeza n’eddaala, n’okuddukanya obulungi ebbugumu erikolebwa mu nkola y’okutebenkeza, omulimu n’obulamu bwa bbaatule bisobola okulongoosebwa ennyo.
