Kubuchwepheshe besimanje bebhethri, sivame ukuhlangana negama elithi 'ukulinganisa ibhethri.' Kodwa lisho ukuthini? Umsuka wawo usenqubweni yokukhiqiza kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswa kumabhethri, okuholela kumehluko phakathi kwamaseli ngamanye ngaphakathi kwephakethe lebhethri. Lo mehluko uphinde uthonywe indawo lapho amabhethri asebenza khona, njengezinga lokushisa nomswakama. Lokhu kuhluka ngokuvamile kubonakala njengomehluko ku-voltage yebhethri. Ukwengeza, amabhethri ngokwemvelo ahlangabezana nokuzikhulula ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo ezivela kuma-electrode kanye nomehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamapuleti. Amazinga okuzikhipha angahluka phakathi kwamabhethri ngenxa yokuhluka kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza.
Ake sifanekise lokhu ngesibonelo: Ake sithi ephaketheni lebhethri, iseli elilodwa linesimo sokushajwa esiphezulu (SOC) kunamanye. Phakathi nenqubo yokushaja, leli seli lizofinyelela ekushajweni okugcwele kuqala, okubangela ukuthi amanye amaseli angakashajwa ngokugcwele ayeke ukushaja ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokuphambene, uma iseli elilodwa line-SOC ephansi, lizofinyelela i-voltage yalo enqanyuliwe yokukhipha kuqala ngesikhathi sokuphuma, livimbele amanye amaseli ukuthi akhiphe ngokugcwele amandla awo agciniwe.
Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwamaseli ebhethri awukwazi ukuzitshwa. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kuqonda, isidingo sokulinganisa ibhethri siyavela. Ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa ibhethri buhlose ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda umehluko phakathi kwamaseli ngamanye ngokungenelela kobuchwepheshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza okuphelele kwephakethe lebhethri nokwelula impilo yalo. Ukulinganisa kwebhethri akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwephakethe lebhethri, kodwa futhi kwandisa kakhulu impilo yesevisi yebhethri. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ingqikithi nokubaluleka kokulinganisa kwebhethri kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Incazelo: Ukulinganisa kwebhethri kubhekisela ekusebenziseni amasu nezindlela ezithile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi iseli ngalinye kuphakethe lebhethri ligcina amandla kagesi angashintshi, amandla, nezimo zokusebenza. Le nqubo ihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri nokukhulisa ubude bayo bempilo ngokungenelela kobuchwepheshe.
Okubalulekile: Okokuqala, ukulinganisa kwebhethri kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwalo lonke iphakethe lebhethri. Ngokulinganisa, ukuwohloka kokusebenza okubangelwa ukuwohloka kwamaseli ngamanye kungagwenywa. Okwesibili, ukulinganisa kusiza ukunweba ubude bempilo yephakethe lebhethri ngokunciphisa amandla kagesi kanye nomehluko wamandla phakathi kwamaseli nokwehlisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi, okwelula impilo yebhethri ngempumelelo. Okokugcina, ngokombono wezokuphepha, ukusebenzisa ukulinganisa kwebhethri kungavimbela ukushajwa ngokweqile noma ukudedelwa ngokweqile kwamaseli ngamanye, kunciphise izingozi ezingaba khona zokuphepha ezifana nokubaleka okushisayo.
Idizayini Yebhethri: Ukuze kubhekwane nokungqubuzana kokusebenza phakathi kwamaseli ngamanye, abakhiqizi abakhulu bebhethri ngokuqhubekayo basungula futhi bathuthukise ezindaweni ezifana nokwakheka kwebhethri, ukuhlanganisa, ukukhethwa kwezinto, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, nokunakekelwa. Le mizamo ihlanganisa ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamaseli, ukwenza ngcono ukuklanywa kwephakethe, ukuqinisa ukulawulwa kwenqubo, ukukhetha ngokuqinile izinto ezingavuthiwe, ukuqinisa ukuqapha kokukhiqiza, nokuthuthukisa izimo zokulondoloza.
I-BMS (Isistimu Yokuqapha Ibhethri) Umsebenzi Wokulinganisa: Ngokulungisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla phakathi kwamaseli ngamanye, i-BMS yehlisa ukungahambisani futhi ikhuphule umthamo osebenzisekayo nempilo yebhethri. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuzuza ukulinganisa ku-BMS: ukulinganisa okwenziwayo kanye nokulinganisa okusebenzayo.
I-Passive balancing, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-energy dissipation balancing, isebenza ngokukhulula amandla engeziwe kumaseli ane-voltage ephakeme noma umthamo osesimweni sokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa amandla kagesi namandla okufanisa namanye amaseli. Le nqubo incike kakhulu ezintweni eziphikisayo ezifanayo ezixhunywe kumaseli ngamanye ukuze kugwenywe amandla engeziwe.
Uma iseli lineshaja ephezulu kunamanye, amandla adlulele ahlakazwa nge-parallel resistor, kuzuzwe ibhalansi namanye amaseli. Ngenxa yobulula bayo nezindleko eziphansi, ukulinganisa okwenziwayo kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zebhethri ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, inomphumela omubi wokulahlekelwa amandla abalulekile, njengoba amandla achithwa njengokushisa kunokuba asetshenziswe ngempumelelo. Onjiniyela bavamise ukukhawulela ibhalansi yamanje ibe sezingeni eliphansi (cishe i-100mA). Ukwenza isakhiwo sibe lula, inqubo yokulinganisa yabelana ngamahhanisi ezintambo afanayo nenqubo yokuqoqa, futhi kokubili kusebenza ngokushintshana. Nakuba lo mklamo wehlisa ubunkimbinkimbi nezindleko zesistimu, uphinda ubangele ukusebenza kahle kokulinganisela kanye nesikhathi eside sokuzuza imiphumela ebonakalayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokulinganisa kwe-passive: i-shunt resistor kanye ne-switched shunt resistors. Eyangaphambili ixhuma i-shunt engaguquki ukuze ivimbele ukushajwa ngokweqile, kuyilapho eyakamuva ilawula ngokunembile ukushintsha ukuze kukhishwe amandla amaningi.
Ukulinganisa okusebenzayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyindlela esebenza kahle yokuphatha amandla. Esikhundleni sokuqeda amandla engeziwe, idlulisa amandla asuka kumaseli anamandla aphezulu aye kulawo anamandla aphansi kusetshenziswa amasekhethi aklanywe ngokukhethekile ahlanganisa izingxenye ezifana nama-inductors, ama-capacitor, nama-transformer. Lokhu akugcini nje ukulinganisa i-voltage phakathi kwamaseli kodwa futhi kwandisa izinga lokusebenzisa amandla lilonke.
Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sokushaja, lapho iseli lifinyelela umkhawulo walo wamandla kagesi aphezulu, i-BMS yenza kusebenze indlela yokulinganisa esebenzayo. Ihlonza amaseli anomthamo ophansi uma kuqhathaniswa futhi idlulisa amandla ukusuka kuseli le-voltage ephezulu ukuya kulawa maseli ane-voltage ephansi ngokusebenzisa isekethe yesilinganisi esiklanywe ngokucophelela. Le nqubo inembile futhi iyasebenza, ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwephakethe lebhethri.
Kokubili ukulinganisa okwenziwayo nokusebenzayo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni umthamo osebenzisekayo wephakethe lebhethri, ukwandisa ubude bayo bempilo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lonke.
Uma uqhathanisa ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa okwenziwayo nobusebenzayo, kuyacaca ukuthi buhluka kakhulu kufilosofi yabo yokuklama nasekusebenziseni. Ukulinganisa okusebenzayo ngokuvamile kuhilela ama-algorit
Kuyo yonke inqubo yokulinganisa, isistimu ngokuqhubekayo iqapha izinguquko kumapharamitha weseli ngalinye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imisebenzi yokulinganisa ayisebenzi nje kuphela kodwa futhi iphephile. Uma umehluko phakathi kwamaseli ungena ngaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo elichazwe ngaphambilini, isistimu izoqeda umsebenzi wokulinganisa.
Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela indlela yokulinganisa efanele, ukulawula ngokuqinile isivinini sokulinganisa kanye nezinga, nokuphatha ngempumelelo ukushisa okukhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokulinganisa, ukusebenza nempilo yephakethe yebhethri kungathuthukiswa kakhulu.
