Ukuze ubambe ama-nuances wokumelana kwangaphakathi kanye nokuvinjwa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-impedance iphathelene ne-AC (alternating current), kuyilapho ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-DC (i-direct current). Naphezu kwezimo zabo ezihlukene, ukubala kwabo kulandela ifomula efanayo, i-R=V/I, lapho i-R ingukumelana kwangaphakathi noma i-impedance, i-V iyi-voltage, futhi mina ngikhona.
Ukumelana Kwangaphakathi: Isithiyo Sokugeleza Kwe-Electron
Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kubangelwa ukushayisana kwama-electron ne-ionic lattice kakhondatha, okuguqula amandla kagesi abe ukushisa. Cabangela ukumelana kwangaphakathi njengohlobo lokungqubuzana okuvimbela ukunyakaza kwama-electron. Ezimeni lapho amandla ashintshanayo ageleza ngento ephikisayo, akhiqiza ukwehla kwamandla kagesi. Lokhu kwehla kuhlala kusesigabeni samanje, okubonisa ubudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kokugeleza kwamanje kanye nokumelana kwangaphakathi okuhlangatshezwane nakho.
I-Impedance: Umbono Obanzi Ohlanganisa Ukungavumelani Kwangaphakathi
I-Impedance imelela igama elibanzi elihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zokuphikisa ukugeleza kwe-electron. Lokhu akubandakanyi nje ukumelana kwangaphakathi, kodwa nokusabela. Kungumqondo otholakala yonke indawo kuwo wonke amasekethe nezingxenye.
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokusabela kanye ne-impedance. Ukusabela ngokuqondile kubhekisela ekuphikiseni okunikezwa i-AC yamanje ngama-inductors nama-capacitor, izakhi ezihluka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zebhethri. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kubonakala emidwebeni ehlukene namanani kagesi ohlobo ngalunye lwebhethri.
Ukuze sinciphise i-impedance, singaphendukela kumodeli ye-Randles. Lo modeli, ovezwe kuMfanekiso 1, uhlanganisa u-R1, u-R2, kanye no-C. Ngokuqondile, i-R1 imele ukumelana kwangaphakathi, kuyilapho i-R2 ihambisana nokumelana nokushajwa kokudlulisa. Ukwengeza, u-C usho i-capacitor enezendlalelo ezimbili. Ngokuphawulekayo, imodeli ye-Randles ngokuvamile ayifaki ukusabela okuguquguqukayo, njengoba umthelela wayo ekusebenzeni kwebhethri, ikakhulukazi kumafrikhwensi aphansi, muncane.
Umfanekiso 1: Imodeli ye-Randles yebhethri ye-lead acid
Ukuqhathaniswa Nokuphikiswa Kwangaphakathi Nokuvinjelwa
Ukucacisa, ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe kokumelana kwangaphakathi kanye ne-impedance kuchazwe ngezansi.
Isici seNdawo kagesi |
Ukumelana Kwangaphakathi (R) |
I-Impedans (Z) |
Isicelo Sesifunda |
Isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko kumasekhethi asebenza ku-direct current (DC). |
Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumasekhethi aklanyelwe ukushintshana kwamanje (AC). |
Ubukhona Besifunda |
Iyabonakala kuwo womabili amasekhethi ashintshayo wamanje (AC) kanye namanje aqondile (DC). |
Ikhethekile kumasekhethi ashintshanayo wamanje (AC), awekho ku-DC. |
Umsuka |
Isuka ezintweni ezivimbela ukuhamba kwamandla kagesi. |
Ivela ekuhlanganiseni kwezinto eziphikisanayo futhi ezisabela kumbane kagesi. |
Ukuvezwa Kwezinombolo |
Kuvezwa kusetshenziswa izinombolo zangempela eziqondile, isibonelo, 5.3 ohms. |
Kuvezwe ngazo zombili izinombolo zangempela nezingxenye ezicatshangwayo, eziboniswa ngu-'R + ik'. |
Ukuncika Kwemvamisa |
Inani layo lihlala linjalo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvamisa ye-DC yamanje. |
Inani layo liyashintshashintsha ngokushintshashintsha kwemvamisa yamanje ye-AC. |
Isici sesigaba |
Ayibonisi noma iyiphi i-engeli yesigaba noma izibaluli zobukhulu. |
Ibonakala yikho kokubili i-engeli yesigaba esiqondile nobukhulu. |
Ukuziphatha Kunkambu ye-Electromagnetic |
Ibonisa kuphela ukuchithwa kwamandla lapho kuvezwe endaweni ye-electromagnetic. |
Ibonisa kokubili ukuchithwa kwamandla kanye namandla okugcina amandla endaweni ye-electromagnetic. |
Ukunemba Ekukaleni Ukumelana Kwangaphakathi Kwebhethri
Njengomhlinzeki wesixazululo onguchwepheshe ekuqapheni nasekuphatheni amabhethri ayisipele, Ukugcizelelwa kwe-DFUN esilinganisweni sokumelana nebhethri kwangaphakathi kuqondaniswe nezinqubo ezimisiwe zomkhakha, kuthola ugqozi kumadivayisi amukelwa kabanzi njenge-Fluke noma i-Hioki. Izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ezifana nalawa madivayisi, aziwa ngokunemba kwawo nokwamukela amakhasimende okusabalele, sinamathela kumazinga afana ne-IEE1491-2012 kanye ne-IEE1188.
I-IEE1491-2012 iyasiqondisa ekuqondeni ukumelana kwangaphakathi njengepharamitha eguquguqukayo, edinga ukulandelela okuqhubekayo ukuze kukale ukuchezuka kusukela kusisekelo. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinga le-IEE1188 lisetha umkhawulo wesenzo, licebisa ukuthi uma ukumelana kwangaphakathi kudlula u-20% womugqa ojwayelekile, ibhethri kufanele licatshangelwe ukushintshwa noma libe ngaphansi komjikelezo ojulile kanye nokushajwa kabusha.
Ukusuka kule migomo, indlela yethu yokulinganisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi ihlanganisa ukubeka ibhethri ngaphansi kwefrikhwensi engaguquki kanye namanje, okulandelwa ukusampula kwamandla kagesi. Ukucutshungulwa okulandelayo, okuhlanganisa ukulungisa nokuhlunga ngesekethe ye-amplifier yokusebenza, kuveza ukukalwa okunembile kokumelana kwangaphakathi. Ishesha ngokumangalisayo, le ndlela ngokuvamile iphetha phakathi kwama-millisecond angu-100, iziqhayisa ngebanga lokunemba elincomekayo lika-1% kuya ku-2%.
Sengiphetha, ukunemba ekulinganisweni kokumelana kwangaphakathi kuqinisekisa ukuqapha okusebenzayo kwamabhethri, okunikela ekuphileni kwawo isikhathi eside. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlose ukusiza labo abangase bakuthole kuyinselele ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokumelana kwangaphakathi kanye ne-impedance, kube lula ukuqonda okungaqondakali kwalezi zici zikagesi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olubanzi nokuqonda, ungahlola izinsiza ezengeziwe kusuka I-DFUN Tech.
