Mphamvu ya malo a telecom imatengedwa ngati magazi a telecom network, pamene batire imatengedwa ngati malo ake osungira magazi, kuteteza kugwira ntchito bwino kwa maukonde. Komabe, kukonza kwa batri nthawi zonse kumakhala kovuta. Ndi opanga akutsitsa mitengo mosalekeza pambuyo pogula zinthu zapakati, mtundu wa mabatire watsika kwambiri. Chaka chilichonse, kupitilira 70% ya kulephera kwamagetsi pa telecom kumachitika chifukwa cha zovuta za batri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukonza mabatire kukhala mutu kwa ogwira ntchito yosamalira. Nkhaniyi ikupereka kuwunika kwazomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa batri, zomwe zitha kukhala zothandiza kwa ena.
1. Chidule cha Zida Zamagetsi Pa Site
Zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zili pamalopo zimakhala ndi magawo awiri a 40kVA UPS ochokera ku mtundu wodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi. Mabatire adayikidwa mu 2016. Pansipa pali zambiri:
Zambiri za UPS |
Zambiri za Battery |
Mtundu & Model: International Brand UPS UL33 |
Mtundu & Model: 12V 100Ah |
Kukonzekera: 40 kVA, 2 mayunitsi mu dongosolo limodzi, aliyense ali ndi katundu pafupifupi 5 kW |
Chiwerengero cha mabatire: 30 maselo pa gulu, 2 magulu, okwana 60 maselo |
Tsiku Lomaliza Ntchito: 2006 (zaka 10 zautumiki) |
Tsiku Lomaliza Ntchito: 2016 (zaka 5 zautumiki) |
Pa Juni 6, wopanga UPS adakonza nthawi zonse, m'malo mwa AC ndi DC capacitors (zaka 5 zautumiki) ndi mafani. Pakuyesa kutulutsa kwa batri (mphindi 20), zidapezeka kuti kutulutsa kwa batire kunali koyipa. Kutulutsa kwapano kunali 16A, ndipo pambuyo pa mphindi 10 zotulutsa, mphamvu ya maselo angapo idatsikira ku 11.6V, koma palibe kuphulika kwa mabatire komwe kunawonedwa.
Zinapezeka kuti magulu onse a batri a UPS anali ndi zovuta pakuwunika. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma multimeter, anayeza voteji yothamanga ya batri (yoyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito AC), yomwe inali yokwera kwambiri ngati 7V (kuposa muyezo wokonza). Zotsatira zake, poyambilira amakayikira kuti ma capacitor a DC omwe adasinthidwa ndi mainjiniya opanga UPS anali olakwika, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ma voliyumu ochulukirapo pabasi ya UPS's DC, ndikupangitsa kuti batire iphulike.
2. Mkhalidwe Wolephera Patsamba
Pa July 22, gulu la Research Institute linayendera ofesi ya nthambi. Iwo adapeza kuti mabatire a machitidwe a UPS pansanjika ya 5 ya nyumbayo anali akuphulika kwambiri. Ngati magetsi anali kuzimitsidwa mu gridi, ankawopa kuti mabatire sangatuluke bwino, zomwe zingabweretse ngozi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mwamsanga analimbikitsa ogwira ntchito yokonza zinthu panthambiyo kuti alankhule ndi akatswiri opanga makinawo kuti akonze zoti masana otsatirawa akambirane ndi onse atatu masanawa.
Kuphulika kwa mabatire a 12V
Madzulo a Julayi 23, maphwando atatuwo adafika pamalowo. Atayang'anitsitsa, mayunitsi onse a UPS adapezeka kuti akugwira ntchito bwino, ndi mphamvu yoyandama pafupifupi 404V ya mabatire (mogwirizana ndi magawo omwe adayikidwa). Akatswiri opanga adagwiritsa ntchito multimeter ya Fluke 287C (kulondola kwakukulu) kuyeza voteji yothamanga ya batri, yomwe inali pafupifupi 0.439V. Fluke 376 clamp mita (yotsika molondola) yoyezera mozungulira 0.4V. Zotsatira za zida zonse ziwirizo zinali zofanana ndipo zidagwera mkati mwa voteji yamagetsi yamagetsi pazida (nthawi zambiri zosakwana 1% ya mphamvu ya basi). Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ma capacitor a DC omwe adasinthidwa anali ogwirizana komanso amagwira ntchito moyenera. Chifukwa chake, lingaliro lomwe kale linkaganiziridwa kuti kulowetsedwa kwa capacitor kunayambitsa voteji yamphamvu kwambiri ndipo kuphulika kwa batire sikunatsimikizidwe.
Multimeter: 0.439V
Kuwongolera mita: pafupifupi 0.4V
Ndemanga ya mbiri yakale ya UPS idawonetsa kuti, pa Juni 6, mayunitsi onse a UPS adayesedwa kwa mphindi 15 kutulutsa batire. Pambuyo pobwezeretsa chosinthira chachikulu chamagetsi, kuyitanitsa kofanana kwa mphindi 6 kunachitika, kutsatiridwa ndi kuyesa kwa batire kwa mphindi 14 ndi akatswiri opanga. Pambuyo pa kuyesedwa, dongosolo la UPS linangoyambitsa maulendo anayi otsatizana a maola a 12, ndi gawo lililonse lolekanitsidwa ndi mphindi ya 1, kutha pa 5:32 am pa June 9. Kuyambira pamenepo, mabatire akhalabe mumayendedwe oyendetsa.
Kuwunikanso koyambira kwa batire ya UPS kunawonetsa izi:
Moyo wa batri udakhazikitsidwa ku miyezi 48 (zaka 4), ngakhale moyo weniweni wa batire la 12V uyenera kukhala zaka 5.
Kulipiritsa kofanana kudakhazikitsidwa kuti 'yatsegulidwe.'
Malire aposachedwa adayikidwa ku 10A.
Choyambitsa chosinthira ku charger chofananira chinakhazikitsidwa ku 1A (kachitidweko kangosinthiratu ku charger yofananira ngati mtengo woyandama upitilira 1A, ngakhale mtengo wosakhazikika wamtunduwu ndi 0.03C10 ~ 0.05C10, kutanthauza kuti kuyitanitsa kofanana kumayambika pomwe chiwongolero choyandama chimafika 3-5A, pazifukwa zosadziwika, wopangayo anali ndi zifukwa zosadziwika. 0.01C10, kutanthauza kuti kulipiritsa kofanana kumayambika pomwe mtengo woyandama ukafika pa 1A).
Nthawi yodzitchinjiriza yodzitchinjiriza idakhazikitsidwa kukhala mphindi 720 (kuyitanitsa kofananira kumangoyimitsa pakatha maola 12).
3. Kusanthula Zomwe Zimalephera
Kutengera zomwe zili pamwambapa, njira yolephereka ingawunikidwe motere:
Magulu awiri a batri a dongosolo ili la UPS anali akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka 4 (moyo wautumiki wa mabatire a 12V ndi zaka 5), ndipo mphamvu ya batri inali itachepa kwambiri. Komabe, asanalephereke, mawonekedwe akunja a batri anali achilendo, opanda zizindikiro za bulging. Kuwunikanso kwa mbiri yakale ya UPS kuyambira pa Januware 30, 2019 (zolemba zisanachitike tsikuli zidachotsedwa) mpaka pa Juni 6, 2020, zidawonetsa kuti makina a UPS adalipira molingana 12, ndipo kutalika kwake sikunapitirire mphindi 15. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti nthawi yolipirira yofanana yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu UPS isanakonzekere inali yayifupi, mphindi 15 zokha, ndipo kuyitanitsa kwakanthawi kochepa kwa UPS sikungapangitse mabatire kuphulika.
Pambuyo pakukonza ndi kusintha capacitor, dongosolo la UPS linayambikanso. Lingaliro lowongolera lidazindikira batire ngati yolumikizidwa kumene, motero idayambitsa kuyitanitsa kofanana kwa mphindi 6 kenako ndikusinthira ku chaja yoyandama. Komabe, pambuyo poyesa kutulutsa kwa mphindi 14, makina a UPS adangoyamba kuyitanitsa mofanana kuti muwonjezere mabatire. Chifukwa cha mabatire omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka 4, mphamvu yawo yosungira mkati idasokonekera, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mtengo woyandama upitirire 1A, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti 1A ikhale yofananira yolipiritsa yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mudongosolo la UPS (mtengo wokhazikika wa modeli iyi ndi 3 ~ 5A zoyandama pakali pano kuyambitsa kuyitanitsa kofanana, koma pazifukwa zina, wokonza adasintha). Izi zidapangitsa kuti makina a UPS ayambitse kuyitanitsa kofananira mpaka batire yotseguka yamkati idayimitsa (Kupanda kutero, dongosolo la UPS likadapitilira kuyitanitsa kofanana, zomwe zikanapangitsa kuti gulu la batri liwotche moto). Munthawi imeneyi, mabatire adayendera maulendo anayi osalekeza opitilira maola 48 (kuzungulira kulikonse kumayimitsidwa kwa mphindi imodzi yokha maola 12 aliwonse asanayambitsenso kuyitanitsa kofanana). Pambuyo pa kulitcha kofanana kwa nthaŵi yaitali chotero, mabatirewo anayamba kuphulika, ndipo ngakhale mavavu otulukira mpweyawo anapunduka.
4. Mapeto
Kutengera zomwe taziwona pamwambapa ndikuwunika, zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa batri mu dongosolo la UPS ndi izi:
Choyambitsa chachindunji chinali kukhazikitsidwa kolakwika kwa magawo oyitanitsa a UPS, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kulipiritsa kofanana kwa maola 48 ndi mphindi imodzi yokha pakati pa kuzungulira kulikonse. Ngakhale mabatire atsopano sangapirire kuyitanitsa kwanthawi yayitali komanso kofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti batire iwonongeke.
UPS system model ndi kapangidwe koyambirira kokhala ndi malire ogwirira ntchito. Mtundu wakale wa UPS uwu (wopangidwa zaka 20 zapitazo) unalibe 'nthawi yodzitchinjiriza yolipirira nthawi'' (mitundu ina nthawi zambiri imakhazikitsa masiku 7), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azilipiritsa motsatizana kangapo.
Mabatire anali atatsika chifukwa cha msinkhu (zaka 4 akugwira ntchito), ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu yotulutsa komanso kusasunga ndalama. June 6 asanafike, njira yosinthira yofanana ndi yoyandama idayikidwa yotsika kwambiri (1A yokha ya mabatire a 100Ah). Mtengo wokhazikika wa dongosolo la UPS ndi 3~5A, komabe ogwira ntchito yosamalira anasintha mosadziwika bwino kukhala 1A.
Dongosolo la UPS lakhala likugwira ntchito kwa zaka 14, kupitirira zaka zake zosiya ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zolakwika zoyezera zisamapeweke. Zolakwika izi mwina zidapangitsa kuti makinawo ayambitse kuyitanitsa kofanana mobwerezabwereza chifukwa chosazindikira bwino.
Mwamwayi, dera lotseguka mu imodzi mwa maselo a batri linalepheretsa dongosolo la UPS kuti lipitirize maulendo obwerezabwereza obwerezabwereza pambuyo pa kuyitanitsa kofanana kwachinayi, motero kupeŵa kuthekera kwa mabatire kuyaka moto.
5. Njira Zothetsera Zolephera
Njira zowongolera zili ndi mbali ziwiri:
Choyamba, sinthani kwakanthawi zoyeserera za batri ya UPS:
Letsani kuyitanitsa kofanana mu dongosolo la UPS.
Sinthani choyambitsa chapano kuti musinthe kuchoka pa float charge kupita ku 3A (ngakhale 3A ikadali yotsika, chifukwa chocheperako ndi 3A, koma idakhazikitsidwa kale kukhala 1A).
Sinthani nthawi yodzitchinjiriza yolipirira kukhala ola la 1 (lomwe lidakhazikitsidwa kale kukhala maola 12).
Chachiwiri, ofesi ya nthambi inasintha mabatire aŵiriwo n’kuikamo mabatire osungira, koma mabatire osungira amakwana 50 Ah basi, choncho amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakanthawi kochepa chabe. Pali mapulani osamutsa katundu kuchokera ku UPS kupita ku magwero ena amagetsi mtsogolomo, kuti athetse bwino nkhani zachitetezo chamagetsi.
Wogwira ntchitoyo amawononga ndalama zochulukirapo pachaka pantchito yokonza makina a UPS, komabe chifukwa cha kusasamala komanso kusasamala kwa ogwira ntchito yosamalira, adasintha molakwika zosintha za UPS, zomwe sizodabwitsa. Ndikofunikira kuti opanga UPS atengere chisamaliro cha zinthu zawo mozama ndikupewa kulakwitsa kofunikira mtsogolo, ndikuwongolera ntchito zawo zosamalira. Pakadali pano, akuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayang'anirenso kwambiri ntchito zokonzetsera zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi wopanga UPS ndikukhazikitsa njira yowunikira kuti apitilize kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito otetezeka komanso odalirika a dongosolo la UPS.
