Tibetiri ta lead-acid ti ve ribye ra xisekelo eka thekinoloji yo hlayisa eneji ku sukela loko ti tumbuluxiwile exikarhi ka lembe xidzana ra vu-19. Swihlovo leswi swa matimba leswi tshembekaka swi tirhisiwa ngopfu eka switirhisiwa swo hambana. Ku twisisa ndlela leyi tibetiri ta lead-acid ti tirhaka ha yona i swa nkoka leswaku ti tirha kahle ni ku engetela vutomi bya tona.
Betiri ya lead-acid yi ni swiphemu swo hlayanyana swa nkoka leswi tirhaka swin’we leswaku swi hlayisa ni ku humesa matimba ya gezi hi ndlela leyinene. Swilo swa nkoka swi katsa:
Ti plates: Ti endliwe kusuka eka lead dioxide (ti positive plates) na sponge lead (negative plates), leti ti cheriwa eka electrolyte solution.
Electrolyte: Nkatsakanyo wa sulphuric acid na mati, leswi olovisaka ti khemikhali leti lavekaka eka ku hlayisa eneji.
Swihambanisi: Switirhisiwa swo olova swo pfalela swi vekiwa exikarhi ka ti plates ta positive na negative ku sivela ku short-circuiting loko ku ri karhi ku pfumeleriwa ku famba ka ionic.
Xigwitsirisi: Xifunengeto xo tiya lexi nga na swiphemu hinkwaswo swa le ndzeni, hi ntolovelo xi endliwa hi pulasitiki kumbe rhaba leyi tiyeke.
Titheminali: Betiri yina ti terminal timbirhi: positive na negative. Titheminali leti pfaleriweke ti hoxa xandla eka ku humesiwa ka current yale henhla xikan’we na vutomi byo leha bya ntirho.
Ku tirha ka betri ya lead-acid swi rhendzeleka hi ku cinca ka tikhemikhali loku nga hundzukiki exikarhi ka swilo leswi tirhaka eka tipuleti na electrolyte solution.
Hi nkarhi wa ku humesiwa, endlelo leri landzelaka ra humelela:
Sulphuric acid eka electrolyte yi endla reaction na ti positive (lead dioxide) na negative (sponge lead) plates. Ku cinca loku ku humesa lead sulfate eka ti plate leti hatimbirhi loko ku ri karhi ku humesa ti electrons hi ku tirhisa circuit ya le handle, ku humesa gezi. Loko tielektroni ti ri karhi ti khuluka kusuka eka negative plate kuya eka positive plate hiku tirhisa ndzhwalo wale handle, matimba ya phakeriwa eka switirhisiwa leswi hlanganisiweke.
Hi nkarhi wa ku chaja, endlelo leri ri tlheriseriwa endzhaku:
Xihlovo xa gezi xa le handle xi tirhisa voltage eka ti terminal ta betri. Voltage leyi tirhisiwaka yi susumeta tielektroni ti tlhelela eka negative plate loko yi ri karhi yi hundzula lead sulfate yi tlhelela eka swivumbeko swa yona swo sungula—lead dioxide eka ti positive plates na sponge lead eka ti negative plates. Nhlayo ya sulphuric acid yi tlakuka loko ti molecule ta mati ti avana hi nkarhi wa electrolysis.
Ntumbuluko lowu wa xirhendzevutani wu pfumelela tibetiri ta lead-acid ku chajiwa minkarhi yo tala handle ko onhaka swinene loko ti hlayisiwa kahle.
Tithekiniki to Chaja leti Faneleke
Maendlelo ya kahle yo chaja i ya nkoka swinene eka ku hlayisa matirhelo lamanene eka tibetiri ta lead-acid:
Constant Voltage Charging: Ndlela leyi yi pfumelela ku chaja laha voltage yi hlayisiwaka eka nhlayo leyi nga cinciki. Vuyelo bya kona hileswaku current yo chaja yi lulamisiwa hi yoxe loko xiyimo xa ku chaja xa betri xi cinca.
Ku Chaja ka switeji swinharhu: Ku katsa ku chaja hi xitalo (current leyi nga cinciki), ku chaja ka ku tswonga (voltage leyi nga cinciki), na ku chaja ka float (mode yo hlayisa), endlelo leri ri tiyisisa ku chajiwa nakambe hi vukheta handle ka ntshikelelo wo tlula mpimo eka swiphemu swa betri.
Ku langutisisa mahiselo hi nkarhi wa ku chaja i swa nkoka swinene; mahiselo yale henhla yanga hatlisisa maendlelo yo biha kufana na gassing kumbe thermal runaway.
Tindlela Leti Humelelaka To Humesa
Swirhendzevutani swa ku humesa swifanele ku lawuriwa hi vukheta ku papalata ku humesiwa loku dzikeke lokunga onhaka rihanyo ra betri:
Papalata ku humesa ku tlula 50% wa vuenti bya ku humesa loko swi koteka; ku humesiwa ka mati yo enta nkarhi na nkarhi swi pfuxeta nkarhi hinkwawo wa vutomi swinene.
Tibetiri ta lead-acid i ta nkoka eka vuhlayiselo bya eneji lebyi tshembekaka eka switirhisiwa swo hambana hambana. Hi ku twisisa xivumbeko xa tona na misinya ya milawu ya ntirho, vatirhisi va nga antswisa matirhelo na ku engetela vutomi bya vona. Ku vekiwa tihlo ka kahle ka ku chaja na ku humesiwa i swa nkoka swinene. Ku tirhisa Tisisiteme to Langutisisa Tibetiri ta DFUN (BMS) ti tiyisisa leswaku tibetiri ta lead-acid ti tshama ti ri xiphemu xa nkoka xa swintshuxo swa vuhlayiselo bya eneji. Sisiteme yi langutisisa tivoltage ta sele yin’wana na yin’wana, na ti currents to chaja/discharge eka swivumbeko swa tisele to tala, naswona yi katsa ku tirhisa betri na swihlawulekisi swa ku ringanisela betri ku ndlandlamuxa vulawuri na vuhlayiseki.
