Omuwandiisi: Omuwandiisi w'omukutu Publish Time: 2024-07-01 Origin: Ekibanja
Battery za lead-acid zibadde jjinja ery’oku nsonda mu tekinologiya w’okutereka amaanyi okuva lwe yayiiya mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda. Ensonda zino ez’amaanyi ezeesigika zikozesebwa nnyo mu nkola ez’enjawulo. Okutegeera engeri bbaatule ezikulemberamu asidi gye zikolamu kyetaagisa nnyo okusobola okulongoosa enkola yaabwe n’okugaziya obulamu bwabwe.
Battery ya lead-acid erimu ebitundu ebikulu ebiwerako ebikolagana okutereka n’okufulumya amasannyalaze mu ngeri ennungi. Ebintu ebikulu mulimu:
Plates: Ekoleddwa mu lead dioxide (positive plates) ne sponge lead (negative plates), zino zinywera mu solution ya electrolyte.
Electrolyte: omutabula gwa sulphuric acid n’amazzi, ekyanguyira ensengekera z’eddagala ezeetaagisa okutereka amaanyi.
Ebyawulwa: Ebintu ebigonvu ebiziyiza (thin insulating materials) biteekebwa wakati w’ebipande ebirungi n’ebibi okuziyiza short-circuiting ate nga bisobozesa ionic okutambula.
Konteyina: Ekisenge ekinywevu ekirimu ebitundu byonna eby’omunda, ebitera okukolebwa mu kaveera oba kapiira akawangaala.
Terminals: Battery erina terminals bbiri: positive ne negative. Sealed terminals ziyamba okufuluma current ennyingi n’okuweereza okumala ebbanga eddene.
Enkola ya bbaatule ya lead-asidi yeetooloola enkola z’eddagala ezikyukakyuka wakati w’ebintu ebikola ku pulati n’ekisengejjo ky’amasannyalaze.
Mu kiseera ky’okufulumya, enkola eno wammanga ebaawo:
Asidi wa sulfuric mu electrolyte akolagana ne positive (lead dioxide) ne negativu (sponge lead) plates. Enkola eno ekola lead sulfate ku pulati zombi ate nga efulumya obusannyalazo okuyita mu nkulungo ey’ebweru, ekola amasannyalaze. Nga obusannyalazo bukulukuta okuva ku pulati ya negatiivu okutuuka ku pulati ennungi nga buyita mu mugugu ogw’ebweru, amaanyi gaweebwa ebyuma ebiyungiddwa.
Mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga, enkola eno ekyusibwa:
Ensibuko y’amasannyalaze ey’ebweru ekozesa vvulovumenti okubuna ebitundu bya bbaatule. Voltage essiddwako evuga obusannyalazo okudda mu negativu plate nga ekyusa lead sulfate okudda mu forms zaayo eza original —lead dioxide ku positive plates ne sponge lead ku negative plates. Ebirungo bya asidi wa sulfuric byeyongera nga molekyu z’amazzi zikutuka mu kiseera ky’okusengejja amasannyalaze.
Obutonde buno obw’enzirukanya busobozesa bbaatule za lead-asidi okuddamu okucaajinga emirundi mingi awatali kuvunda kwa maanyi nga zikuumibwa bulungi.
Obukodyo obutuufu obw’okucaajinga .
Enkola ennungamu ey’okusasuza kikulu nnyo okukuuma omulimu omulungi mu bbaatule za lead-acid:
Constant voltage charging: Enkola eno ekkiriza okucaajinga nga vvulovumenti ekuumibwa ku muwendo ogutakyukakyuka. Ekirungi kiri nti akasannyalazo aka chajingi katereezebwa mu ngeri ey’otoma nga embeera y’okucaajinga ya bbaatule ekyuka.
Okucaajinga okw’emitendera esatu: nga mulimu bulk charge (constant current).
okulondoola ebbugumu mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga kikulu nnyo; Ebbugumu erya waggulu liyinza okwanguya enkola ez’obulabe nga gassing oba thermal runaway.
Enkola ennungamu ey’okusuula .
Enzirukanya y’okufulumya amazzi erina okuddukanyizibwa n’obwegendereza okwewala okufulumya amazzi amawanvu ekiyinza okukosa obulamu bwa bbaatule:
Weewale okufulumya okusukka 50% depth-of-discharge buli lwe kiba kisoboka; Emirundi mingi okufulumya amazzi amazito kukendeeza nnyo ku bulamu okutwalira awamu.
Battery za lead-acid zeetaagisa nnyo mu kutereka amaanyi okwesigika mu nkola ez’enjawulo. Nga bategeera ensengeka yaabwe n’emisingi gy’okukola, abakozesa basobola okulongoosa omulimu n’okugaziya obulamu bwabwe. Okulondoola obulungi n’okulondoola okufulumya amazzi kikulu nnyo. Okussa mu nkola . DFUN Battery Monitoring Systems (BMS) ekakasa nti bbaatule za lead-acid zisigala nga kitundu kikulu nnyo mu kutereka amaanyi. Enkola eno erondoola vvulovumenti z’obutoffaali ssekinnoomu, n’amasannyalaze ga chajingi/agafulumya mu nsengeka z’obutoffaali bungi, era nga mulimu okukola bbaatule n’okutebenkeza bbaatule okutumbula okufuga n’okuddaabiriza.
