Imbaraga z'urubuga rw'itumanaho zifatwa nk'amaraso y'urusobe rw'itumanaho, mu gihe bateri ifatwa nk'ikigega cyayo cy'amaraso, ikarinda imikorere myiza y'urusobe. Nyamara, kubungabunga bateri byahoze ari ibintu bitoroshye. Hamwe nababikora bakomeje kugabanya ibiciro nyuma yamasoko yibanze, ubwiza bwa bateri bwaragabanutse cyane. Buri mwaka, ibice birenga 70% byamashanyarazi ya sisitemu y'itumanaho biterwa nibibazo bya batiri, bigatuma kubungabunga bateri bibabaza umutwe kubakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga. Iyi ngingo itanga isesengura ryimpamvu nyamukuru zitera bateri, zishobora kuba nkingirakamaro kubandi.
1. Kumurongo wibikoresho byamashanyarazi
Ibikoresho byamashanyarazi kumurongo bigizwe nibice bibiri 40kVA UPS biva kumurongo mpuzamahanga uzwi. Batteri zashyizweho muri 2016. Hano hepfo amakuru arambuye:
UPS Amakuru |
Amakuru ya Bateri |
Ikirango & Icyitegererezo: Ikirangantego mpuzamahanga UPS UL33 |
Ikirango & Icyitegererezo: 12V 100Ah |
Iboneza: 40 kVA, ibice 2 muri sisitemu ibangikanye, buri kimwe gifite umutwaro wa kilo 5 |
Umubare wa bateri: selile 30 kuri buri tsinda, amatsinda 2, yose hamwe 60 |
Itariki yatangiriyeho: 2006 (imyaka 10 yumurimo) |
Itariki yatangiriyeho: 2016 (imyaka 5 yumurimo) |
Ku ya 6 kamena, uruganda rwa UPS rwakoze ibisanzwe, rusimbuza ubushobozi bwa AC na DC (imyaka 5 yumurimo) nabafana. Mugihe cyo kugerageza gusohora bateri (iminota 20), byagaragaye ko imikorere ya batiri itari mibi. Umuyoboro wasohokaga wari 16A, kandi nyuma yiminota 10 yo gusohora, imbaraga za selile nyinshi zaragabanutse kugera kuri 11,6V, ariko ntihabeho guturika kwa bateri.
Byagaragaye ko amatsinda yombi ya batiri ya UPS yagize ibibazo byinshi mugihe cyo kugenzura. Bakoresheje multimeter, bapimye bateri yishyuza ripple voltage (yapimwe ukoresheje igenamiterere rya AC), yari hejuru ya 7V (irenze kure igipimo cyo kubungabunga). Kubera iyo mpamvu, babanje gukeka ko capacitori ya DC yasimbujwe naba injeniyeri ba UPS ikora nabi, bigatuma voltage ikabije kuri bisi ya DC ya UPS, bigatuma bateri yaka umuriro.
2. Kurubuga Kunanirwa
Ku ya 22 Nyakanga, itsinda ry’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ryakoze igenzura ry’umutekano ku biro by’ishami. Bavumbuye ko bateri za sisitemu ya UPS mu igorofa rya 5 ryinyubako zabyibushye cyane. Niba hari amashanyarazi yabuze kuri gride, byatinyaga ko bateri idashobora gusohoka neza, bikaba byaviramo impanuka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bahise basaba ko abakozi bashinzwe ishami ryita kubashinzwe inganda kugirango bategure hamwe hamwe n’iperereza hamwe n’impande zose uko ari eshatu nyuma ya saa sita.
Kwiyongera kwa Bateri 12V
Ku gicamunsi cyo ku ya 23 Nyakanga, amashyaka atatu yageze ku rubuga. Ubugenzuzi, ibice byombi bya UPS byagaragaye ko bikora bisanzwe, hamwe na voltage ireremba hafi 404V kuri bateri (bijyanye nibipimo byashyizweho). Ba injeniyeri b'uruganda bakoresheje multimeter ya Fluke 287C (ubunyangamugayo buhanitse) kugirango bapime bateri yumuriro wa ripple voltage, hafi 0.439V. Fluke 376 ya clamp metero (ubunyangamugayo bwo hasi) yapimye hafi 0.4V. Ibisubizo bivuye muri ibyo bikoresho byombi byari bisa kandi byaguye mu buryo busanzwe bwa ripple voltage y'ibikoresho (muri rusange munsi ya 1% ya voltage ya bisi). Ibi byerekanaga ko ubushobozi bwa DC bwasimbuwe bwujuje kandi bukora bisanzwe. Kubwibyo, igitekerezo cyakekwagaho mbere yuko gusimbuza capacitor byateje voltage irenze urugero kandi bateri yatakaye.
Multimeter: 0.439V
Metero ya clamp: hafi 0.4V
Isubiramo ryamateka ya sisitemu ya UPS ryerekanye ko, ku ya 6 kamena, ibice byombi bya UPS byakorewe ikizamini cyo gusohora iminota 15. Nyuma yo kugarura amashanyarazi nyamukuru, hakozwe iminota 6 yingana kwishyurwa, hanyuma hakurikiraho ikizamini cyo gusohora iminota 14 yakozwe nabashakashatsi ba ruganda. Nyuma yikizamini, sisitemu ya UPS yahise itangiza amasaha ane yikurikiranya yishyurwa ryamasaha 12 yikurikiranya, buri cyiciro gitandukanijwe niminota 1, kirangira saa kumi nimwe nimwe za mugitondo ku ya 9 kamena. Kuva icyo gihe, bateri zagumye muburyo bwo kwishyuza.
Ubundi gusuzuma igenamiterere ryambere rya batiri ya UPS ryerekanye ibi bikurikira:
Ubuzima bwa bateri bwashyizwe kumezi 48 (4 ans), nubwo igihe cyo kubaho cya bateri 12V kigomba kuba imyaka 5.
Amafaranga yishyurwa angana yashyizwe kuri 'ashoboye. '
Umubare ntarengwa wishyurwa washyizwe kuri 10A.
Imbarutso yo guhinduranya kwishyurwa bingana yashyizwe kuri 1A (sisitemu ihita ihinduranya kwishyurwa bingana niba amashanyarazi areremba arenze 1A, nubwo agaciro gasanzwe kuri iyi moderi ari 0.03C10 ~ 0.05C10, bivuze ko kwishyurwa bingana guterwa mugihe amashanyarazi areremba ageze kuri 3-5A.
Igihe cyo gukingira kiringaniye cyashyizwe kuminota 720 (kwishyurwa bingana byahagarara nyuma yamasaha 12).
3. Isesengura ryibitera kunanirwa
Ukurikije ibihe byavuzwe haruguru, inzira yo kunanirwa irashobora gusesengurwa kuburyo bukurikira:
Amatsinda abiri ya batiri yiyi sisitemu ya UPS yari amaze imyaka 4 akoreshwa (ubuzima bwa serivisi ya bateri 12V ni imyaka 5), kandi ubushobozi bwa bateri bwari bwaragabanutse cyane. Ariko, mbere yo kunanirwa, isura ya bateri yari isanzwe, nta kimenyetso cyerekana. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mateka ya UPS kuva ku ya 30 Mutarama 2019 (inyandiko zabanjirije iyi tariki zahanaguweho) kugeza ku ya 6 Kamena 2020, bwerekanye ko sisitemu ya UPS yari imaze kwishyuza 12 bingana, igihe kirekire ikaba itarenze iminota 15. Ibi byerekana ko igihe cyo kwishyuza kingana cyashyizweho muri sisitemu ya UPS mbere yo kuyitaho yari mugufi, iminota 15 gusa, kandi sisitemu ya UPS mugihe gito cyo kwishyuza ntizitera bateri.
Nyuma yo kubungabunga no gusimbuza capacitor, sisitemu ya UPS yaratangiye. Igenzura ryo kugenzura ryagaragaje ko bateri ihujwe vuba, bityo itangiza iminota 6 ingana kwishyurwa hanyuma ihindukira kwishyurwa hejuru. Ariko, nyuma yikizamini cyiminota 14 cyakurikiyeho, sisitemu ya UPS ihita itangira kwishyurwa bingana kugirango yishyure neza bateri. Bitewe na batteri imaze imyaka 4 ikoreshwa, ubushobozi bwabo bwo kugumana amafaranga yimbere yari yarangiritse, bituma amashanyarazi areremba arenga 1A, bituma 1A ingana na 1A ingana kwishyurwa ryashyizwe muri sisitemu ya UPS (agaciro gasanzwe kuri iyi moderi ni 3 ~ 5A yumuriro w'amashanyarazi kugirango habeho kwishyurwa bingana, ariko kubwimpamvu runaka, abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga bahinduye ibi kuri 1A). Ibi byaviriyemo sisitemu ya UPS inshuro nyinshi itangira kwishyurwa bingana kugeza igihe bateri yimbere yimbere ifunguye amaherezo yarayihagaritse (Bitabaye ibyo, sisitemu ya UPS yaba yarakomeje gukomeza kwishyurwa bingana, byashoboraga gutuma itsinda rya batiri rifata umuriro). Muri kiriya gihe, bateri zagiye zuzuza inshuro enye zingana zingana zumuriro mu masaha 48 (buri cyiciro cyahagararaga umunota 1 gusa buri masaha 12 mbere yo gukomeza kwishyurwa bingana). Nyuma yo kumara igihe kinini bingana kwishyurwa, bateri yaje gukura, ndetse na valve yo guhumeka yarahindutse.
4. Umwanzuro
Ukurikije kwitegereza no gusesengura hejuru, ibitera gutsindwa kwa batiri muri iyi sisitemu ya UPS ni ibi bikurikira:
Impamvu itaziguye yari igenamigambi ridakwiriye rya sisitemu ya UPS yo kwishyuza, ibyo bigatuma habaho kwishyurwa bingana kumasaha 48 hamwe niminota 1 gusa hagati ya buri cyiciro. Ndetse na bateri nshya ntishobora kwihanganira kwishyurwa igihe kirekire kandi kinini bingana, biganisha kuri batiri kunanirwa muriki kibazo.
Sisitemu ya UPS ni igishushanyo cyambere gifite aho kigarukira. Iyi moderi ya kera ya UPS (yashizweho mu myaka 20 ishize) yabuze 'kuringaniza igihe cyo kurinda intera yo kurinda igihe ' igenamigambi (andi marango asanzwe ashyiraho intera kugeza ku minsi 7), bikavamo gukomeza kwishyurwa inshuro nyinshi zingana.
Imikorere ya bateri yari yarangiritse bitewe n'imyaka (imyaka 4 mumurimo), hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gusohora no kugumana nabi. Mbere yitariki ya 6 kamena, ibipimo-bingana-kureremba-kwishyurwa byahinduwe byashyizwe munsi ntarengwa (1A gusa kuri bateri 100Ah). Sisitemu ya UPS isanzwe ni 3 ~ 5A, nyamara abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga bahinduye kuburyo budasobanutse kuri 1A.
Sisitemu ya UPS yari imaze imyaka 14 ikora, irenze imyaka yayo yo gutangira, bigatuma amakosa yo gupima adashobora kwirindwa. Aya makosa ashobora kuba yarateje sisitemu gutangira inshuro nyinshi kwishyurwa bingana kubera gutahura neza.
Kubwamahirwe, umuzunguruko ufunguye muri imwe muri selile ya batiri yabujije sisitemu ya UPS gukomeza inshuro zingana zingana zingana nyuma ya kane ingana kwishyurwa, bityo birinda ubushobozi bwa bateri gufata umuriro.
5. Ingamba zo gukemura ikibazo cyo kunanirwa
Ingamba zo gukosora zirimo ibintu bibiri:
Ubwa mbere, hindura by'agateganyo ibipimo bya batiri ya UPS:
Hagarika igenamigambi ryishyurwa ryingana muri sisitemu ya UPS.
Hindura imbarutso yimikorere kugirango uhindure amafaranga areremba kugirango yishyure bingana kuri 3A (nubwo 3A iracyari mike, kuko byibuze byibuze ni 3A, ariko mbere byari byashyizwe kuri 1A).
Hindura igihe cyo kurinda kwishyurwa kingana kumasaha 1 (mbere yashyizwe kumasaha 12).
Icya kabiri, ibiro byishami byasimbuye amatsinda abiri ya batiri hamwe na bateri zisubizwa inyuma, ariko bateri yinyuma ifite ubushobozi bwa 50 Ah gusa, kuburyo ishobora gukoreshwa gusa mubikorwa byihutirwa byigihe gito. Hariho gahunda yo kwimura imitwaro muri sisitemu ya UPS ku zindi mbaraga z'amashanyarazi mugihe kizaza, kugirango dukemure neza ibibazo byumutekano wo gutanga amashanyarazi.
Umukoresha akoresha amafaranga atari make buri mwaka muri serivisi zo kubungabunga sisitemu ya UPS, nyamara kubera uburangare n'uburangare bw'abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga, ndetse baribeshye bahindura indangagaciro zisanzwe za sisitemu ya UPS, mu byukuri ntibishoboka. Birasabwa ko uruganda rwa UPS rufata neza kubungabunga ibicuruzwa byabo kandi bakirinda gukora amakosa nkaya mugihe kizaza, bakazamura ireme rya serivisi zabo zo kubungabunga. Hagati aho, birasabwa ko uyikoresha yita cyane kuri serivisi zitaweho zitangwa n’uruganda rwa UPS no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gusuzuma kugira ngo dukomeze kunoza imikorere yizewe kandi yizewe ya sisitemu ya UPS.
