Amaanyi g’omukutu gw’amasimu gatwalibwa ng’omusaayi gw’omukutu gw’amasimu, ate bbaatule etwalibwa ng’ekiterekero kyayo eky’omusaayi, okukuuma enkola ennungi ey’omukutu. Kyokka, okuddaabiriza bbaatule bulijjo kibadde kizibu. Olw’okuba abakola bbaatule bagenda bakendeeza ku miwendo oluvannyuma lw’okugula ebintu mu kifo ekimu, omutindo gwa bbaatule gukendedde nnyo. Buli mwaka, ebitundu ebisoba mu 70% eby’okulemererwa kw’enkola y’amasimu biva ku nsonga za bbaatule, ekifuula okuddaabiriza bbaatule okulumwa omutwe eri abakozi abaddaabiriza. Ekitundu kino kiwa okwekenneenya ebikulu ebivaako bbaatule okugwa, ekiyinza okuba eky’omugaso eri abalala.
1. Ebikozesebwa mu Masannyalaze mu kifo Okutwalira awamu
Ebyuma by’amasannyalaze ebiri mu kifo kino birimu yuniti bbiri eza UPS eza kVA 40 okuva mu kkampuni emanyiddwa ennyo mu nsi yonna. Battery zino zaateekebwa mu 2016. Wansi waliwo ebisingawo:
Amawulire ga UPS |
Amawulire agakwata ku bbaatule |
Brand & Model: Ekika ky’ensi yonna UPS UL33 |
Ekika n’omulembe: 12V 100Ah |
Ensengeka: 40 kVA, yuniti 2 mu nkola ya parallel, buli emu ng’erina omugugu gwa kW nga 5 |
Omuwendo gwa bbaatule: Obutoffaali 30 buli kibinja, ebibinja 2, byonna awamu obutoffaali 60 |
Olunaku lw’okutandika okukola: 2006 (emyaka 10 egy’obuweereza) |
Olunaku lw’okutandika okukola: 2016 (emyaka 5 egy’obuweereza) |
Nga June 6th, kkampuni ekola UPS yakola okuddaabiriza okwa bulijjo, n’akyusa capacitors za AC ne DC (emyaka 5 nga zikola) n’abawagizi. Mu kugezesa omukka gwa bbaatule (eddakiika 20), kyazuulibwa nti omulimu gwa bbaatule ogw’okufulumya gwali mubi. Amasannyalaze agafuluma gaali 16A, era oluvannyuma lw’eddakiika 10 nga gafuluma, vvulovumenti y’obutoffaali obuwerako yakka okutuuka ku 11.6V, naye tewali kubumbulukuka kwa bbaatule kwalabiddwa.
Kyazuuliddwa nti ebibinja bya bbaatule za UPS byombi byalina ensonga z’okubumbulukuka mu kukebera. Nga bakozesa multimeter, baapima bbaatule charging ripple voltage (epimiddwa nga bakozesa AC setting), nga yali waggulu nga 7V (esukka wala omutindo gw’okuddaabiriza). N’ekyavaamu, baasooka kuteebereza nti DC filter capacitors ezaakyusibwa bayinginiya b’abakola UPS zaali zirina obuzibu, ekivuddeko ripple voltage esukkiridde ku DC bus ya UPS, ekyavaako bbaatule okubumbulukuka.
2. Embeera y’okulemererwa mu kifo
Nga Jjulaayi 22, ttiimu okuva mu kitongole ekikola ku kunoonyereza yakola okukebera obukuumi ku ofiisi y’ettabi. Baakizudde nti bbaatule z’enkola za UPS ku mwaliiro ogw’okutaano mu kizimbe zaali zifuumuuka nnyo. Singa wabaawo okuvaako kw’amasannyalaze okuva ku mudumu, kyabanga kitya nti bbaatule ziyinza obutafuluma bulungi, ekiyinza okuvaako akabenje. N’ekyavaamu, amangu ago baawa amagezi nti abakozi b’okuddaabiriza ettabi lino batuukirire bayinginiya b’abakola ebintu bino bategeke okunoonyereza okw’awamu mu kifo kino n’okugonjoola ebizibu n’enjuyi zonna essatu akawungeezi akaddako.
Okubumbulukuka kwa Battery za 12V
Akawungeezi ka July 23, enjuyi essatu zaatuuse mu kifo kino. Bwe baakeberebwa, yuniti zombi eza UPS zazuulibwa nga zikola bulungi, nga zirina vvulovumenti ya float nga 404V ku bbaatule (nga zikwatagana ne parameters ezaateekebwawo). Bayinginiya b’abakola ekyuma kino baakozesa ekipima Fluke 287C (high accuracy) okupima vvulovumenti ya ripple eya bbaatule ng’ecaajinga, nga eno yali nga 0.439V. Mita ya Fluke 376 clamp (obutuufu obutono) yapimibwa nga 0.4V. Ebivudde mu bikozesebwa byombi byali bifaanagana era byagwa mu bbanga lya vvulovumenti ya ripple eya bulijjo eri ebyuma (okutwalira awamu wansi wa 1% ku vvulovumenti ya bbaasi). Kino kyalaga nti DC capacitors ezakyusiddwa zaali zigoberera era nga zikola mu ngeri eya bulijjo. N’olwekyo, endowooza eyali eteeberezebwa nti okukyusa capacitor kwaleeta ripple voltage esukkiridde era bbaatule okubumbulukuka yagobwa.
Multimeter: 0.439V
Mita ya clamp: nga 0.4V
Okwekenenya ebiwandiiko by’ebyafaayo by’enkola ya UPS kwalaga nti, nga June 6, yuniti za UPS zombi zaali zigezeseddwa okumala eddakiika 15 nga bbaatule zifuluma. Oluvannyuma lw’okuzzaawo switch y’amasannyalaze enkulu, okucaajinga okw’enkanankana okwamala eddakiika 6 kwakolebwa, ne kugobererwa okugezesa okufuluma kwa bbaatule okumala eddakiika 14 okwakolebwa bayinginiya b’abakola bbaatule. Oluvannyuma lw’okugezesa, enkola ya UPS yatandikawo otomatiki okucaajinga emirundi ena egy’omuddiring’anwa egy’enkanankana okumala essaawa 12, nga buli mutendera gwawulwamu eddakiika emu, nga gukomekkerezebwa ku ssaawa 5:32 ez’oku makya nga June 9. Okuva olwo, bbaatule zaasigala mu mbeera ya ‘float charge mode’.
Okwongera okwekenneenya ensengeka za bbaatule ya UPS eyasooka kwazudde bino wammanga:
Obulamu bwa bbaatule bwateekebwa ku myezi 48 (emyaka 4), wadde ng’obulamu bwennyini obwa bbaatule ya 12V bulina okuba emyaka 5.
Okusasula okwenkanankana kwateekebwa ku 'enabled.'
Ekkomo ku charge current lyateekebwa ku 10A.
Ekiziyiza okukyusa okudda ku chajingi eyenkanankana kyateekebwa ku 1A (enkola yandikyusizza otomatika okudda ku chajingi eyenkanankana singa akasannyalazo aka chajingi akakulukuta kasukka 1A, newankubadde nga omuwendo ogusookerwako ku muze guno guli 0.03C10~0.05C10, ekitegeeza nti chajingi eyenkanankana etandikibwawo nga akasannyalazo aka chajingi eyenkanankana kutuuse ku 3-5A. Naye, olw’ensonga ezitamanyiddwa, okuddaabiriza kw’omukozi abakozi kino baali bakitereeza ku 0.01C10, ekitegeeza nti equalized charging yandibadde etandikibwawo nga float charge current etuuse ku 1A).
Obudde bw’obukuumi bw’okucaajinga obwenkanankana bwateekebwa ku ddakiika 720 (okucaajinga okwenkanankana kwandiyimiridde mu ngeri ey’otoma oluvannyuma lw’essaawa 12).
3. Okwekenenya Ebivaako Okulemererwa
Okusinziira ku mbeera ezo waggulu, enkola y’okulemererwa esobola okwekenneenyezebwa bweti:
Ebibinja bya bbaatule ebibiri eby’enkola eno eya UPS byali bimaze emyaka 4 nga bikozesebwa (obulamu bwa bbaatule za 12V buba myaka 5), era obusobozi bwa bbaatule bwali bukendedde nnyo. Kyokka nga bbaatule tennagwa, endabika yaayo ey’ebweru yali ya bulijjo, nga tewali kabonero konna kalaga nti efuumuuka. Okwongera okwekenneenya ebiwandiiko by’ebyafaayo bya UPS okuva nga January 30, 2019 (ebiwandiiko nga olunaku luno terunnatuuka byalongoosebwa) okutuuka nga June 6, 2020, kwalaga nti enkola ya UPS yali ekoze okucaajinga 12 mu ngeri ey’enkanankana, ng’obudde obusinga obuwanvu tebusukka ddakiika 15. Kino kiraga nti obudde obw’enkanankana obw’okucaajinga obwateekebwa mu nkola ya UPS nga tebannaba kuddaabiriza bwali bumpi nnyo, eddakiika 15 zokka, era enkola ya UPS okucaajinga okw’enkanankana okw’ekiseera ekitono tekujja kuleetera bbaatule kubumbulukuka.
Oluvannyuma lw’okuddaabiriza n’okukyusa capacitor, enkola ya UPS yaddamu okutandika. Enkola y’okufuga (control logic) yazuula nti bbaatule yaakayungibwa, bwe kityo n’etandika okucaajinga mu ngeri ey’enkanankana okumala eddakiika 6 n’oluvannyuma n’ekyusa n’egenda ku chajingi ya float. Wabula oluvannyuma lw’okugezesebwa okwaddirira okumala eddakiika 14, enkola ya UPS yatandika okucaajinga mu ngeri ey’enkanankana okusobola okujjuza bbaatule mu bujjuvu. Olw’okuba bbaatule zaali zikozesebwa okumala emyaka 4, obusobozi bwazo obw’okukuuma chajingi munda bwali bwonoonese, ekyaviirako akasannyalazo aka chajingi akakulukuta okusukka 1A, ne kivaako 1A equalized charging threshold eyateekebwa mu nkola ya UPS (omuwendo ogusookerwako ku muze guno guli 3~5A float charge current okutandika okucaajinga eyenkanankana, naye olw’ensonga ezimu, abakozi abaddaabiriza baali bakyusizza kino okutuuka ku 1A). Kino kyavaamu enkola ya UPS okutandika enfunda n’enfunda okucaajinga mu ngeri ey’enkanankana okutuusa ng’ekiyungo ekiggule ekya bbaatule eky’omunda kyamaliriza okugiyimiriza (Bwe kitaba ekyo, enkola ya UPS yandibadde egenda mu maaso n’okucaajinga mu ngeri ey’enkanankana enfunda eziwera, ekiyinza okuvaako ekibinja kya bbaatule okukwata omuliro). Mu kiseera kino, bbaatule zaayita mu nsengekera nnya ezitasalako ez’okucaajinga ezeenkanankana mu ssaawa 48 (buli nzirukanya yayimirira okumala eddakiika emu yokka buli ssaawa 12 nga tezinnaba kuddamu kucaajinga mu ngeri ey’enkanankana). Oluvannyuma lw’okucaajinga mu ngeri ey’enkanankana okumala ebbanga eddene bwe lityo, bbaatule zaatuuka n’okubumbulukuka, era ne vvaalu ezifulumya empewo zaafuuka ezitali nnungi.
4. Mu bufunzi
Okusinziira ku bye twetegereza n’okwekenneenya waggulu, ebivaako bbaatule okulemererwa mu nkola eno eya UPS bye bino wammanga:
Ekivaako obutereevu kwe kuteekawo obubi enkola ya UPS ey’okucaajinga, ekyaviirako okucaajinga okw’enkanankana okutambula obutasalako okumala essaawa 48 nga buli cycle wakati wa ddakiika emu yokka. Ne bbaatule empya tezaandigumidde kucaajinga mu ngeri ey’enkanankana okumala ebbanga eddene era ery’amaanyi bwe lityo, ekivaako okugwa kwa bbaatule okulemererwa mu mbeera eno.
Enkola y’enkola ya UPS ya dizayini eyasooka ng’erina obuzibu mu nkola. Omuze guno ogwa UPS omukadde ( ogwakolebwa emyaka 20 egiyise) tegwalina nteekateeka ya ' equalized charging interval protection time' (ebika ebirala mu bujjuvu biteeka interval eno ku nnaku 7), ekivaamu enzirukanya y'okucaajinga ey'enkanankana eziwera ezitasalako.
Omulimu gwa bbaatule zaali zikendedde olw’emyaka (emyaka 4 nga zikola), nga zikendedde ku busobozi bw’okufulumya n’okukuuma obubi chajingi. Nga June 6 tannatuuka, omusingi gwa kasasiro ogw’okukyusa equalized-to-float-charge gwateekebwa wansi mu ngeri etasaana (1A yokka ku bbaatule za 100Ah). Omuwendo gw’enkola ya UPS ogusookerwako guli 3~5A, naye abakozi abaddaabiriza mu ngeri etategeerekeka baagukyusa ne bagufuula 1A.
Enkola ya UPS yali emaze emyaka 14 ng’ekola, ng’esukka nnyo emyaka gyayo egy’okuggyibwako, ekifuula ensobi mu kupima eziteewalika. Ensobi zino ziyinza okuba nga zaaviirako enkola eno okutandika enfunda eziwera okucaajinga mu ngeri ey’enkanankana olw’okuzuula akasannyalazo mu ngeri etali ntuufu.
Ekirungi, ekiyungo ekiggule mu kimu ku bisenge bya bbaatule kyalemesa enkola ya UPS okugenda mu maaso n’enzirukanya y’okucaajinga mu ngeri ey’enkanankana oluvannyuma lw’okucaajinga okw’enkanankana okw’okuna, bwe kityo ne kyewala obusobozi bwa bbaatule okukwata omuliro.
5. Ebikozesebwa Okutereeza Okulemererwa
Ebikolwa eby’okutereeza bino mulimu ebintu bibiri:
Okusooka, kyusa okumala akaseera ku nkola z’okucaajinga bbaatule ya UPS:
Lemesa ensengeka y’okucaajinga eyenkanankana mu nkola ya UPS.
Teekateeka trigger current okukyusa okuva ku float charge okudda ku equalized charging okudda ku 3A (wadde nga 3A ekyali wansi katono, nga default minimum eri 3A, naye emabegako yali eteekeddwa ku 1A).
Teekateeka obudde bw’obukuumi bw’okucaajinga obwenkanankana ku ssaawa 1 (eyali yateekebwa ku ssaawa 12).
Ekyokubiri, ofiisi y’ettabi yakyusa ebibinja bya bbaatule ebibiri n’essaamu bbaatule ezikuuma, naye bbaatule ezikuuma zirina obusobozi bwa Ah 50 zokka, n’olwekyo zisobola okukozesebwa mu mbeera ez’amangu ez’akaseera obuseera. Waliwo enteekateeka z’okukyusa omugugu okuva mu nkola ya UPS okudda mu nsonda z’amasannyalaze endala mu biseera eby’omu maaso, okugonjoola obulungi ensonga z’obukuumi bw’amasannyalaze.
Omuddukanya asaasaanya ssente nnyingi buli mwaka ku mpeereza y’okuddaabiriza enkola ya UPS, naye olw’obulagajjavu n’obutafaayo bw’abakozi abaddaabiriza, baatuuka n’okukyusa mu nsobi emiwendo egy’enjawulo egy’enkola ya UPS, ekintu ekitali kya bulijjo. Kirungi abakola UPS okutwala okuddaabiriza ebintu byabwe ng’ekikulu era beewale okukola ensobi ez’omusingi bwe zityo mu biseera eby’omu maaso, okutumbula omutindo gw’empeereza yaabwe ey’okuddaabiriza. Mu kiseera kino, kiteesebwako nti n’omuddukanya afaayo nnyo ku mpeereza y’okuddaabiriza eddirira ekolebwa omukozi wa UPS n’okussaawo enkola ey’okwekenneenya okusobola okulongoosa obutasalako enkola ya UPS ey’obukuumi era eyeesigika.
