Amandla esayithi le-telecom athathwa njengegazi lenethiwekhi yocingo, kuyilapho ibhethri ithathwa njengendawo yokugcina igazi, evikela ukusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi. Nokho, ukugcinwa kwebhethri bekulokhu kuyinselele. Njengoba abakhiqizi belokhu behlisa izintengo ngokuqhubekayo ngemva kokuthenga endaweni eyodwa, ikhwalithi yamabhethri yehle kakhulu. Njalo ngonyaka, ngaphezu kuka-70% wokuhluleka kwesistimu yamandla e-telecom kubangwa izinkinga zebhethri, okwenza ukugcinwa kwebhethri kube yikhanda elibuhlungu kubasebenzi abanakekelayo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlaziya kwezimbangela eziyinhloko zokwehluleka kwebhethri, okungase kusebenze njengesithenjwa esiwusizo kwabanye.
1. Ukubuka konke Kwezisetshenziswa Zamandla Esizeni
Impahla yamandla esizeni iqukethe amayunithi amabili e-UPS angu-40kVA avela kumkhiqizo owaziwayo wamazwe ngamazwe. Amabhethri afakwe ngo-2016. Ngezansi kunemininingwane enemininingwane:
Ulwazi lwe-UPS |
Ulwazi Lwebhethri |
Ibhrendi Nemodeli: I-Brand Yamazwe Ngamazwe UPS UL33 |
Ibhrendi nemodeli: 12V 100Ah |
Ukucushwa: 40 kVA, amayunithi ama-2 ohlelweni oluhambisanayo, ngalinye linomthwalo olinganiselwa ku-5 kW |
Inombolo yamabhethri: amaseli angu-30 iqembu ngalinye, amaqembu angu-2, amaseli angu-60 esephelele |
Idethi Yokugunyazwa: 2006 (iminyaka eyi-10 yenkonzo) |
Idethi yokugunyazwa: 2016 (iminyaka emi-5 yenkonzo) |
Ngomhla ziyisi-6 kuJuni, umkhiqizi we-UPS wenze ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile, eshintsha ama-AC kanye nama-DC capacitor (iminyaka engu-5 yesevisi) kanye nabalandeli. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokukhishwa kwebhethri (imizuzu engu-20), kwatholakala ukuthi ukusebenza kwebhethri kwakungekuhle. Ukukhishwa kwamanje kwakungu-16A, futhi ngemva kwemizuzu engu-10 yokukhishwa, i-voltage yamaseli amaningana yehla yaya ku-11.6V, kodwa akukho ukuqhuma kwamabhethri okwabonwa.
Kutholwe ukuthi womabili amaqembu ebhethri e-UPS anezinkinga zokuqhuma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Besebenzisa i-multimeter, balinganise i-ripple voltage yokushajwa kwebhethri (ekalwa kusetshenziswa ukulungiselelwa kwe-AC), eyayiphezulu njengo-7V (edlula kude izinga lokulungisa). Ngenxa yalokhu, baqale basola ukuthi ama-capacitor okuhlunga e-DC athathelwe indawo onjiniyela bomkhiqizi we-UPS ayenephutha, okubangele i-ripple voltage ngokweqile ebhasini le-UPS's DC, okuholela ekuqhumeni kwebhethri.
2. Isimo Sokuhluleka Esizeni
Ngo-July 22, ithimba le-Research Institute lahlola ukuphepha ehhovisi legatsha. Bathole ukuthi amabhethri ezinhlelo ze-UPS esitezi sesi-5 sebhilidi abeqhuma kakhulu. Uma kube nokucisha kukagesi kugridi, bekusatshwa ukuthi amabhethri angase angaphumi kahle, okungase kuholele engozini. Ngenxa yalokho, batusa ngokushesha ukuba izisebenzi ezinakekela igatsha zithinte onjiniyela bomkhiqizi ukuze bahlele isimiso esihlanganyelwe sophenyo esizeni kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga nazo zontathu izinhlangothi ntambama elandelayo.
Ukuqhuma kwamabhethri angu-12V
Ntambama ngoJulayi 23, amaqembu amathathu afika esizeni. Lapho kuhlolwa, womabili amayunithi e-UPS atholwe esebenza ngokujwayelekile, nevolthi yokuntanta ecishe ibe ngu-404V yamabhethri (ngokuhambisana nemingcele emisiwe). Onjiniyela bomkhiqizi basebenzise i-multimeter ye-Fluke 287C (ukunemba okuphezulu) ukukala i-voltage ye-ripple yokushajwa kwebhethri, eyayicishe ibe ngu-0.439V. I-clamp meter ye-Fluke 376 (ukunemba okuphansi) ilinganiselwa ku-0.4V. Imiphumela yawo womabili amathuluzi ibifana futhi yawela phakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile le-ripple voltage yamathuluzi (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-1% wevolthemu yebhasi). Lokhu kubonise ukuthi ama-DC capacitor ashintshiwe ayehambisana futhi esebenza ngokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, inkolelo-mbono eyayisolwa ngaphambili yokuthi ukushintshwa kwe-capacitor kubangele i-voltage ye-ripple ngokweqile futhi ukuqhuma kwebhethri kwakhishwa ngaphandle.
I-Multimeter: 0.439V
I-clamp meter: cishe i-0.4V
Ukubuyekezwa kwamarekhodi omlando wesistimu ye-UPS kubonise ukuthi, ngoJuni 6, womabili amayunithi e-UPS aye ahlolwa imizuzu engu-15 yokukhipha ibhethri. Ngemva kokubuyisela iswishi yamandla eyinhloko, ukushajwa okulinganayo kwemizuzu engu-6 kwenziwe, kwalandelwa uhlolo lokuchithwa kwebhethri lwemizuzu engu-14 onjiniyela bomkhiqizi. Ngemva kokuhlolwa, isistimu ye-UPS iqale ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushaja okulinganayo okulandelanayo kwamahora angu-12, isigaba ngasinye sihlukaniswe isikhawu somzuzu ongu-1, siphethe ngo-5:32 am ngoJuni 9. Kusukela lapho, amabhethri ahlala emodini yokushaja okuntantayo.
Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezilungiselelo zangempela zebhethri le-UPS kuveze okulandelayo:
Impilo yebhethri isethelwe kuzinyanga ezingama-48 (iminyaka emi-4), nakuba ubude bempilo yangempela yebhethri engu-12V kufanele kube iminyaka emi-5.
Ukushaja okulingana kwakusethwe ukuze 'kunikwe amandla.'
Umkhawulo wamanje wenkokhiso usethelwe ku-10A.
I-trigger yokushintshela ekushajeni okulinganayo yayisethelwe ku-1A (isistimu izoshintshela ngokuzenzakalelayo ekushajeni okulingana uma amandla okushaja okuntantayo adlula u-1A, nakuba inani elizenzakalelayo lale modeli lingu-0.03C10~0.05C10, okusho ukuthi ukushaja okulinganayo kuqalwa lapho ishaja yokuntanta yamanje ifinyelela ku-3-5A ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa zomkhiqizi. 0.01C10, okusho ukuthi ukushaja okulinganayo kuzoqalwa lapho ishaje ye-float yamanje ifinyelela ku-1A).
Isikhathi esilinganayo sokuvikela ukushaja sasisethelwe kumaminithi angu-720 (ukushaja okulinganayo kuzoma ngokuzenzekelayo ngemva kwamahora angu-12).
3. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezimbangela Zokwehluleka
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zimo ezingenhla, inqubo yokwehluleka ingahlaziywa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Amaqembu amabili amabhethri alolu hlelo lwe-UPS asetshenziswe iminyaka engu-4 (impilo yesevisi yamabhethri angu-12V yiminyaka emi-5), futhi umthamo webhethri wehle kakhulu. Nokho, ngaphambi kokwehluleka, ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwebhethri kwakujwayelekile, kungekho zimpawu zokuqhuma. Ukubuyekezwa okwengeziwe kwamarekhodi omlando we-UPS kusukela ngomhlaka-30 Januwari 2019 (amarekhodi angaphambi kwalolu suku asuliwe) kuya kuJuni 6, 2020, kubonise ukuthi uhlelo lwe-UPS lwenze ukushaja okulinganayo okungu-12, ubude besikhathi eside bungekho ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ubude besikhathi bokushaja obulinganayo obusethwe kusistimu ye-UPS ngaphambi kokulungiswa besisifushane, imizuzu eyi-15 kuphela, futhi ukushaja okulinganayo kwesistimu ye-UPS ngeke kubangele ukuthi amabhethri aqhume.
Ngemuva kokulungiswa nokushintshwa kwe-capacitor, uhlelo lwe-UPS lwaqalwa kabusha. Indlela yokulawula ihlonze ibhethri njengesanda kuxhunywa, ngakho-ke iqalise ukushaja okulinganayo kwemizuzu engu-6 yase ishintshela ekushajweni okuntantayo. Nokho, ngemva kokuhlolwa kokukhishwa kwemizuzu engu-14 okwalandela, isistimu ye-UPS yaqala ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushaja okulinganayo ukuze ishaje ngokugcwele amabhethri. Ngenxa yokuthi amabhethri asetshenziswa iminyaka engu-4, amandla awo okugcina icala langaphakathi aye ancipha, okubangele ukuthi ishaje ye-float idlule u-1A, okubangele umkhawulo wokushaja olinganayo ongu-1A osethwe kusistimu ye-UPS (inani elizenzakalelayo lale modeli liyi-3~5A lamanje lokuvula ukushaja okulinganayo, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile, lesi sisebenzi sishintshile). Lokhu kubangele ukuthi isistimu ye-UPS iqale ngokuphindaphindiwe ukushaja okulinganayo kuze kube yilapho isekethe yangaphakathi evulekile yebhethri igcina isiyimisile (Ngaphandle kwalokho, uhlelo lwe-UPS ngabe luqhubekile nokushaja okulinganayo okuphindaphindiwe, obekungaholela ekutheni iqembu lebhethri libambe umlilo). Ngalesi sikhathi, amabhethri adlule emijikelezweni emine yokushaja elinganayo eqhubekayo emahoreni angama-48 (umjikelezo ngamunye uphunyuzwe iminithi elingu-1 kuphela njalo emahoreni ayi-12 ngaphambi kokuqalisa kabusha ukushaja okulinganayo). Ngemva kokushajwa okunjalo okulinganayo isikhathi eside, amabhethri agcina eseqhuma, ngisho namavalvu okukhipha umoya akhubazeka.
4. Isiphetho
Ngokusekelwe ekuqapheliseni okungenhla nokuhlaziya, izimbangela zokwehluleka kwebhethri kulolu hlelo lwe-UPS zimi kanje:
Isizathu esiqondile kwaba ukusethwa okungalungile kwamapharamitha wokushaja wesistimu ye-UPS, okuholele ekushajweni okulinganayo okuqhubekayo amahora angu-48 nezikhawu eziyiminithi elingu-1 kuphela phakathi komjikelezo ngamunye. Ngisho namabhethri amasha ngeke amelane nokushajwa okulinganayo okunesikhathi eside nokushubile, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokuqhuma kwebhethri kulokhu.
Imodeli yesistimu ye-UPS iyidizayini yokuqala enemikhawulo yokusebenza. Le modeli ye-UPS endala (eklanywe eminyakeni engu-20 edlule) ibingenakho 'isikhathi sokuvikela sesikhawu sokushaja esilinganayo' (amanye amabhrendi ngokuvamile asetha lesi sikhawu sibe izinsuku ezingu-7), okuholela emijikelezweni yokushaja elinganayo eminingi eqhubekayo.
Ukusebenza kwamabhethri kwehle ngenxa yobudala (iminyaka engu-4 kusevisi), nomthamo wokukhipha oncishisiwe kanye nokugcinwa kweshaja okungekuhle. Ngaphambi komhla ka-6 Juni, umkhawulo wamanje wokuguqulwa olinganiswe ukuze untante wawusethwe waba phansi ngokungafanele (i-1A kuphela yamabhethri angu-100Ah). Inani elizenzakalelayo lesistimu ye-UPS lingu-3~5A, nokho abasebenzi abalungisayo baliguqule ngendlela engaqondakali laba ngu-1A.
Uhlelo lwe-UPS beselusebenze iminyaka eyi-14, nangaphezu kweminyaka yalo yokuyekisa ukusebenza, okwenza amaphutha okulinganisa angenzeki. Lawa maphutha kungenzeka abangele isistimu ukuthi iqale ngokuphindaphindiwe ukushaja okulingana ngenxa yokutholwa okungalungile kwamanje.
Ngenhlanhla, isekethe evulekile kwelinye lamaseli ebhethri ivimbele isistimu ye-UPS ukuthi iqhubeke nemijikelezo yokushaja elinganayo ephindaphindiwe ngemva kokushajwa okulinganayo kwesine, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe amandla okuba amabhethri abambe umlilo.
5. Izinyathelo Zokulungisa Ukwehluleka
Izinyathelo zokulungisa zihlanganisa izici ezimbili:
Okokuqala, lungisa okwesikhashana amapharamitha wokushaja ibhethri le-UPS:
Khubaza ukulungiselelwa kokushaja okulinganayo kusistimu ye-UPS.
Lungisa i-trigger yamanje ukuze usuke ekushajeni okuntantayo ukuya ekushajweni okulinganayo kuye ku-3A (yize i-3A isasephansi, njengoba ubuncane obuzenzakalelayo bungu-3A, kodwa ngaphambilini yayimiswe ukuze ithi 1A).
Lungisa isikhathi esilinganayo sokuvikela ukushaja sibe yihora elingu-1 (ngaphambilini esasisethelwe emahoreni ayi-12).
Okwesibili, ihhovisi legatsha lashintsha la maqembu amabili ebhethri lafaka amabhethri ayisipele, kodwa amabhethri asekelayo anomthamo ongu-50 Ah kuphela, ngakho angasetshenziswa kuphela ngezinjongo eziphuthumayo zesikhashana. Kunezinhlelo zokudlulisa umthwalo usuka ohlelweni lwe-UPS uye kweminye imithombo yamandla esikhathini esizayo, ukuze kuxazululwe kahle izinkinga zokuphepha kokuphakelwa kukagesi.
Umsebenzisi uchitha inani elikhulu njalo ngonyaka ezinsizeni zokunakekela zohlelo lwe-UPS, nokho ngenxa yobudedengu nokunganaki kwezisebenzi ezinakekelayo, zize zashintsha ngephutha amanani amisiwe ohlelo lwe-UPS, okuyinto engakholakali ngempela. Kunconywa ukuthi umkhiqizi we-UPS akuthathele phezulu ukunakekelwa kwemikhiqizo yakhe futhi agweme ukwenza amaphutha anjalo ayisisekelo esikhathini esizayo, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezinsizakalo zabo zokunakekela. Khonamanjalo, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi umqhubi aphinde anake kakhulu izinsiza zokulungisa ezinikezwa umkhiqizi we-UPS futhi asungule uhlelo lokuhlola ukuze athuthukise ngokuqhubekayo ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile kohlelo lwe-UPS.
